【摘要】：隨著改革開放的不斷深入以及城市化進(jìn)程的加快，從上世紀(jì)80年代開始，大量農(nóng)村剩余青壯年勞動力向城市轉(zhuǎn)移，成為了城市中的外來務(wù)工人員，但由于自身經(jīng)濟(jì)條件以及制度等方面的限制，這些外來工的父母、妻子、孩子被留在了農(nóng)村，成為了留守老人、留守婦女和留守兒童。丈夫的外出后，家中大小事務(wù)都得由農(nóng)村留守婦女獨(dú)自處理，生產(chǎn)勞動、子女教育、老人贍養(yǎng)等家庭責(zé)任都轉(zhuǎn)移到農(nóng)村留守婦女一個人肩上。然而經(jīng)年累月的高負(fù)荷勞動、沉重的家庭負(fù)擔(dān)往往讓留守婦女不堪重負(fù)，她們的身心健康狀況令人堪憂。農(nóng)村留守婦女作為丈夫的堅強(qiáng)后盾，留守家庭的支柱，新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的主力軍，他們?yōu)樯鐣陌l(fā)展做出了不可忽視的貢獻(xiàn)；然而這個特殊的群體，這個理應(yīng)獲得社會廣泛關(guān)注的弱勢群體，卻往往被忽視，他們相較留守兒童、留守老人而言，農(nóng)村留守婦女是三個留守群體中獲得關(guān)注最少的，因此，加強(qiáng)對這一群體心理健康狀況的研究，了解農(nóng)村留守婦女目前的社會支持現(xiàn)狀、特征，，為他們建立起強(qiáng)大而廣泛的社會支持網(wǎng)，支撐他們勇敢面對生活中的困難、問題，保持健康的心態(tài)，維護(hù)其身心健康，這對于解決農(nóng)村留守婦女問題，促進(jìn)農(nóng)村社會和諧與發(fā)展、建設(shè)社會主義新農(nóng)村有著重要意義。 本研究以勞務(wù)輸出大省四川省瀘州市牛灘鎮(zhèn)的兩個行政村的留守婦女為研究對象，通過進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查、量表測量和個案訪談，對農(nóng)村留守婦女的心理健康狀況，社會支持現(xiàn)狀特征，以及農(nóng)村留守婦女社會支持與心理健康之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了探討。結(jié)果表明： 農(nóng)村留守婦女社會支持現(xiàn)狀總體偏低，其主觀支持、客觀支持和支持利用度得分以及社會支持總分均低于全國常模；不同年齡、勞動強(qiáng)度、丈夫外出打工年限、家庭收入的留守婦女其社會支持狀況存在差異。 農(nóng)村留守婦女心理健康水平顯著低于全國常模，在心理健康的9個因子癥狀上均存在不同程度的問題，其中軀體化癥狀異常檢出率最高，再次分別是恐怖、精神病性、抑郁、偏執(zhí)、強(qiáng)迫、敵對等癥狀，人際敏感、焦慮等癥狀的異常檢出率相對較低。 農(nóng)村留守婦女的年齡大小、勞動時間長短、丈夫外出打工年限、家庭收入狀況等都會影響留守婦女的心理健康水平。 農(nóng)村留守婦女心理健康狀況因社會支持水平的不同而出現(xiàn)顯著的差別。社會支持水平高的農(nóng)村留守婦女，其心理健康狀況也較好；社會支持水平低的農(nóng)村留守婦女，其心理健康狀況也較差。 社會支持總分、主觀支持、社會支持的利用度與農(nóng)村留守婦女心理健康相關(guān)顯著，其中主觀支持對農(nóng)村留守婦女心理健康發(fā)展的影響最大。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of reform and opening-up and the acceleration of urbanization process, since the 1980s, a large number of rural surplus young and adult labor forces have been transferred to cities, and they have become migrant workers in the cities. But due to their own economic conditions and institutional constraints, these migrant parents, wives, children are left behind in the countryside, become left-behind elderly, left-behind women and left-behind children. After the husband went out, the family responsibilities of the rural left-behind women should be transferred to the rural left-behind women alone, such as productive labor, child education, support for the elderly and so on. However, after years of heavy labor, the heavy family burden often left behind women overburdened, their physical and mental health is worrying. The rural left-behind women as the strong backing of their husbands, the pillar of the left-behind family, the main force of the new rural construction, they have made an important contribution to the development of the society; However, this particular group, this vulnerable group, which deserves wide social attention, is often neglected. Compared to the left-behind children and the left-behind elderly, rural left-behind women receive the least attention among the three left-behind groups, and therefore the left-behind women in rural areas receive the least attention among the three left-behind groups. Strengthen the research on the mental health of this group, understand the current social support situation and characteristics of rural women left behind, establish a strong and broad social support network for them, and support them to face the difficulties and problems of life bravely, Maintaining a healthy state of mind and safeguarding their physical and mental health is of great significance for solving the problem of left-behind women in rural areas, promoting the harmony and development of rural society, and building a new socialist countryside. In this study, the left-behind women in two administrative villages in Niutan Town, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, as the object of study, the mental health status of the left-behind women in rural areas was investigated by questionnaire, scale measurement and case interview. The characteristics of social support and the relationship between social support and mental health of rural left-behind women were discussed. The results showed that the status quo of social support of rural left-behind women was on the low side, and the scores of subjective support, objective support and utilization degree of support and total score of social support were lower than that of national norm. Different age, labor intensity, husband working years, family income of the left-behind women have differences in their social support. The level of mental health of rural left-behind women was significantly lower than that of the national norm, and there were problems of different degrees on the symptoms of nine factors of mental health, among which somatization was the highest, and again horror, psychosis and depression, respectively. Paranoid, obsessive, hostile symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and other symptoms of abnormal detection rate is relatively low. Rural left-behind women's age, working time, husband's working years and family income will affect the mental health level of the left-behind women. The mental health status of left-behind women in rural areas was significantly different with the level of social support. The rural left-behind women with high level of social support have better mental health, and those with low level of social support have poor mental health. The total score of social support, subjective support and the utilization of social support were significantly correlated with the mental health of rural left-behind women, among which subjective support had the greatest influence on the mental health development of rural left-behind women.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B844.5

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