【摘要】：局部注意干擾效應(yīng)(Localized attentional interference,LAI)是指在視覺搜索任務(wù)中同時搜索在空間上分離的兩個目標時,或者目標周圍存在一個無關(guān)奇異項時,這兩個關(guān)鍵刺激相距較近時產(chǎn)生的干擾現(xiàn)象。本實驗采用視覺搜索范式,探討了獎賞預(yù)期對局部注意干擾效應(yīng)的影響。實驗1采用雙目標搜索任務(wù),要求被試判斷搜索畫面中兩個奇異項刺激的形狀是否相同。結(jié)果顯示獎賞條件和無獎賞條件都表現(xiàn)出顯著的距離主效應(yīng),隨著目標間距離增大,被試的正確率提高,反應(yīng)時下降。同時,在遠距離時,獎賞條件下的正確率高于無獎賞條件,而在近距離時,獎賞條件下的正確率反而低于無獎賞條件,即,獎賞條件下局部注意干擾效應(yīng)反而增大。高動機狀態(tài)增強了兩個目標的表征,反而不利于解決局部注意干擾效應(yīng)。實驗2采用單目標搜索任務(wù),要求被試判斷特定目標的方位并忽略另一無關(guān)奇異項刺激。與實驗1不同的是,實驗2僅在無獎賞條件下觀察到顯著的距離主效應(yīng),即被試行為表現(xiàn)在遠距離時更好;而在獎賞條件下,被試在近距離和遠距離的表現(xiàn)一樣好,即沒有局部注意干擾效應(yīng)。這說明在獎賞預(yù)期條件,個體可以有效抑制分心物刺激的干擾,將注意集中于目標刺激的加工,從而對局部注意干擾效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生調(diào)節(jié)。整個研究表明,獎賞整體上能夠提高對任務(wù)相關(guān)刺激的表征,并抑制任務(wù)無關(guān)刺激,雖然這并不總是能夠提高任務(wù)表現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Local attention interference effect (Localized attentional interference,LAI) refers to a visual search task that searches for two spatially separated targets at the same time, or when there is an unrelated term around the target. These two key stimuli produce interference when they are closer to each other. In this study, visual search paradigm was used to investigate the effect of reward expectation on local attention interference. In experiment 1, the two-target search task was used to determine whether the stimuli of the two singular terms in the search screen were the same. The results showed that both the reward condition and the non-reward condition showed significant distance main effect. With the increase of the distance between the targets, the correct rate of the subjects increased and the reaction time decreased. At the same time, at long distance, the correct rate of reward condition is higher than that of no reward condition, but at close distance, the correct rate of reward condition is lower than that of no reward condition, that is, the effect of local attention interference increases under reward condition. The state of high motivation enhances the representation of the two goals, but it is not conducive to solving the interference effect of local attention. In experiment 2, a single-target search task was used to determine the orientation of a particular target and ignore another unrelated singular stimulus. In contrast to experiment 1, experiment 2 only observed significant distance main effects under the condition of no reward, that is to say, it was tried to show better at long distance. Under the condition of reward, the performance of the subjects was as good as that of the long distance, that is, no local attention interference effect was found. This indicates that individuals can effectively suppress the interference of distraction stimuli and focus on the processing of target stimuli in order to regulate the interference effect of local attention in the expected conditions of reward. The whole study shows that reward improves the characterization of task-related stimuli as a whole and inhibits task-independent stimuli, although this does not always improve task performance.
【作者單位】： 首都師范大學(xué)心理系北京市"學(xué)習(xí)與認知"重點實驗室;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金資助(31000502,31470979) 首都師范大學(xué)哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)拔尖人才資助
【分類號】：B842.3

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