【摘要】：學(xué)習(xí)判斷(judgments of learning,JOLs)是個(gè)體對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)材料在測(cè)試中能否正確回憶的預(yù)測(cè),是元記憶監(jiān)測(cè)的一種形式。Nelson和Dunlosky(1991)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),和即時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)判斷相比,延遲學(xué)習(xí)判斷的相對(duì)準(zhǔn)確性較高,研究者將這種現(xiàn)象稱為延遲學(xué)習(xí)判斷效應(yīng)(delayed JOL effect)。由于其在教育中的重要應(yīng)用,延遲學(xué)習(xí)判斷受到心理學(xué)家的廣泛關(guān)注,從不同角度提出各種理論試圖解釋延遲學(xué)習(xí)判斷效應(yīng),但是并沒(méi)有取得一致性結(jié)論,并且對(duì)于延遲學(xué)習(xí)判斷的認(rèn)知加工過(guò)程卻較少涉獵。本研究通過(guò)兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)探究了延遲學(xué)習(xí)判斷的認(rèn)知機(jī)制。實(shí)驗(yàn)一通過(guò)限定學(xué)習(xí)判斷時(shí)間論證提取對(duì)延遲學(xué)習(xí)判斷的影響,結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然和非快速學(xué)習(xí)判斷組相比,快速學(xué)習(xí)判斷組的反應(yīng)時(shí)降低,但是并沒(méi)有改變判斷等級(jí)和再認(rèn)成績(jī),說(shuō)明快速學(xué)習(xí)判斷并沒(méi)有改變延遲學(xué)習(xí)判斷的提取方式或判斷過(guò)程;實(shí)驗(yàn)二通過(guò)使用高時(shí)間分辨率的事件相關(guān)電位(Event-Related Potentials,ERPs)技術(shù)進(jìn)一步探究延遲學(xué)習(xí)判斷不同等級(jí)的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)機(jī)制,發(fā)現(xiàn)高低等級(jí)的學(xué)習(xí)判斷存在著400-600ms早期新舊效應(yīng)和800-1200ms晚期右側(cè)額區(qū)新舊效應(yīng)。這說(shuō)明延遲學(xué)習(xí)判斷包含不止一個(gè)加工過(guò)程,早期新舊效應(yīng)反映了線索再認(rèn)的過(guò)程,晚期右側(cè)額中區(qū)效應(yīng)則反映了對(duì)提取之后的評(píng)估過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:Learning judgment (judgments of learning,JOLs) is an individual's prediction of whether or not the learning material can be recalled correctly in the test, and is a form of meta-memory monitoring. Nelson and Dunlosky (1991) found that compared with instant learning judgment, The relative accuracy of delayed learning judgment is higher than that of delayed learning judgment. The researchers call this phenomenon the delayed learning judgment effect (delayed JOL effect). Because of its important application in education, delayed learning judgment has been widely concerned by psychologists. Various theories have been put forward from different angles to explain the effect of delayed learning judgment, but no consistent conclusion has been reached. And the cognitive process of delayed learning judgment is less dabble. This study explores the cognitive mechanism of delayed learning judgment through two experiments. In the first experiment, the effect of extraction on delayed learning judgment was demonstrated by limiting the time of learning judgment. The results showed that although the response time of fast learning judgment group was lower than that of non-fast learning judgment group, the response time of fast learning judgment group was decreased. However, there is no change in judgment level and recognition score, which indicates that fast learning judgment has not changed the way of extracting delayed learning judgment or the process of judgment. In experiment 2, we further explored the cognitive neural mechanisms of different levels of delayed learning by using high-time-resolution event-related potential (Event-Related Potentials,ERPs) techniques. It was found that there were new and old effects in the early stage of 400-600ms and the new and old effects in the right frontal area in the late stage of 800-1200ms. This indicates that delayed learning judgment involves more than one processing process, the new and old effects reflect the process of clue recognition in the early stage, and the mid-frontal effect in the late stage reflects the evaluation process after extraction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

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