【摘要】：當(dāng)人們把探索了很久卻仍舊得不到解決的問題放下一段時(shí)間而進(jìn)行其他無關(guān)活動(dòng)后，這個(gè)問題突然得以解決，我們將這種百思不得其解卻在不經(jīng)意間得以解決的現(xiàn)象稱為醞釀效應(yīng)。 近年來有越來越多的研究者針對醞釀效應(yīng)的科學(xué)性進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn)，同時(shí)醞釀效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制也激起了廣大心理學(xué)工作者的研究興趣。雖然有些研究者聲稱沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)醞釀效應(yīng)，，但也有很多的研究均驗(yàn)證了醞釀效應(yīng)是客觀存在的。隨著研究的日趨成熟，對醞釀效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制也有眾多解釋：遺忘錯(cuò)誤線索、改變定勢、意識思維的作用和無意識思維的作用等。目前第四種解釋機(jī)制日漸成為了醞釀效應(yīng)研究領(lǐng)域的主要觀點(diǎn)。 為了驗(yàn)證醞釀效應(yīng)確實(shí)是普遍存在的，并同時(shí)考察第四種解釋機(jī)制——無意識的加工是否合理，研究者采用了在醞釀效應(yīng)研究領(lǐng)域使用非常廣泛的經(jīng)典實(shí)驗(yàn)范式，研究者在調(diào)整前人研究設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中加入單純分心任務(wù)、認(rèn)知風(fēng)格等新的處理方法和元素，研究者分別考察了兩種類型的問題解決中是否存在醞釀效應(yīng)，并考察、分析了醞釀效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的原因以及該因素是通過何種方式導(dǎo)致醞釀效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的。經(jīng)過前后兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，研究者最終得出了以下結(jié)論： （1）在不同的任務(wù)類型上，有醞釀條件的被試成績顯著高于無醞釀條件的被試成績，即證實(shí)醞釀效應(yīng)確實(shí)存在。 （2）醞釀效應(yīng)是無意識心理進(jìn)行積極主動(dòng)加工的結(jié)果。 （3）在有任務(wù)目標(biāo)指向的情況下，無意識思維模式下更能產(chǎn)生醞釀效應(yīng)；在無任務(wù)目標(biāo)指向的情況下，無意識思維模式下并沒有產(chǎn)生醞釀效應(yīng)。即醞釀效應(yīng)依賴于任務(wù)目標(biāo)的指向。 （4）雖然在正確回憶屬性信息的數(shù)量上沒有出現(xiàn)醞釀效應(yīng)，但是在鑒別力上卻出現(xiàn)了明顯的醞釀效應(yīng)，說明由無意識思維心理加工導(dǎo)致的醞釀效應(yīng)出現(xiàn)了無意識激活與意識表達(dá)之間的分離。 （5）場依存型認(rèn)知風(fēng)格的被試具有與無意識思維相同的信息加工特點(diǎn)，因此表現(xiàn)出了更強(qiáng)烈的醞釀效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:When people put aside the problem that they had been exploring for a long time but still couldn't solve it for a while and went on other unrelated activities, the problem was suddenly resolved. We call this inexplicable but inadvertently solved phenomenon a brewing effect. In recent years, more and more researchers have tested the scientific nature of the brewing effect, and the generating mechanism of the brewing effect has aroused the research interest of the vast number of psychological workers. Although some researchers claim that no brewing effect has been found, many studies have proved that the brewing effect is objective. With the maturity of the research, there are many explanations for the mechanism of the brewing effect, such as forgetting the wrong clues, changing the fixed trend, the function of conscious thinking and unconscious thinking, and so on. At present, the fourth interpretation mechanism has become the main point of view in the field of brewing effect research. In order to verify that the brewing effect is universal, and at the same time to examine whether the fourth explanation mechanism-unconscious processing is reasonable or not, the researchers have adopted the classical experimental paradigm, which is widely used in the field of brewing effect research. On the basis of adjusting the previous research design, the researchers added new processing methods and elements such as simple distraction task, cognitive style and so on. The researchers examined whether there were brewing effects in the two types of problem solving, and examined whether there was a brewing effect in the two types of problem solving. This paper analyzes the causes of the brewing effect and the way through which it leads to the brewing effect. After two experimental studies, the researchers finally reached the following conclusions: (1) in different types of tasks, the scores of subjects with brewing conditions were significantly higher than those without brewing conditions, that is to say, it was confirmed that the brewing effect did exist. (2) the brewing effect is the result of active and active processing of unconscious psychology. (3) in the case of the goal-oriented task, there is more brewing effect in the mode of unconscious thinking, but in the case of no-target-directed task, there is no brewing effect in the mode of unconscious thinking. That is, the brewing effect depends on the target of the task. (4) although there is no brewing effect on the quantity of correct recall attribute information, there is obvious brewing effect on discrimination. It shows that there is a separation between unconscious activation and conscious expression in the brewing effect caused by mental processing of unconscious thinking. (5) the subjects of field-dependent cognitive style had the same characteristics of information processing as unconscious thinking, so they showed a stronger brewing effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.7

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