社會距離對不同正直感水平大學生道德判斷影響的實證研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-02 15:09
【摘要】：正直感是指敢于維護正義,勇于堅持原則的情感,屬于情感素質的范疇。作為道德情感的重要組成部分,正直感是學校德育和社會道德規(guī)范的重要內(nèi)容。但以往正直感方面的實證研究甚少,實驗室研究更是幾乎沒有,而青少年情感素質和青年情感素質的兩次大調查表明我國當代青少年和青年的正直感水平亟待提高。因此,本研究旨在明確正直感的概念,編制有效的正直感的測量工具,并在此基礎上考察不同正直感水平個體的行為特點及腦電差異,從而為正直感領域的研究提供一些有價值的參考。本研究包括兩個分研究:研究一綜合運用文獻檢索、個別訪談、問卷調查等研究方法,明確了正直感的概念,自編了情境性的大學生正直感問卷,結果表明(1)正直感是指敢于維護正義,勇于堅持原則的情感,屬于情感素質的范疇。(2)自編的大學生正直感問卷由兩個維度構成,即維護正義和堅持原則維度。(3)自編的大學生正直感問卷具有較好的信效度指標。研究二為實驗室研究,使用研究一編制的問卷篩選出高正直感水平個體和低正直感水平個體作為研究對象,以自編的道德詞對為實驗材料,詞對能夠反映出符合和不符合社會規(guī)范兩種行為,采用事件相關電位技術,探討不同正直感水平大學生在進行道德判斷時候的行為和腦電差異,以及社會距離對其可能造成的影響。實驗自變量為正直感水平(高正直感vs低正直感),社會距離(陌生人vs朋友)和道德詞對(符合vs不符合),因變量為被試對詞對判斷的正確率、反應時、程度和N400成分的波幅。結果表明:(1)高低正直感個體在對所呈現(xiàn)的行為是否符合社會規(guī)范進行判斷的正確率上沒有顯著差異。(2)相比社會距離較遠的陌生人做出不符合社會規(guī)范的行為,高低正直感個體對于社會距離較近的朋友做出不符合社會規(guī)范行為時候的反應時較慢,因為朋友與被試自己的關系較親密,在一定程度上會影響被試的反應,但是這種影響對于高正直感個體相對要小。不管呈現(xiàn)的行為是符合社會規(guī)范還是不符合的,高正直感個體進行判斷的速度均更快,并且判斷標準更嚴格,即對于朋友作出的負性行為會更加判斷為與社會規(guī)范不符。(3)被試為低正直感被試,想象陌生人和朋友做出不符合社會規(guī)范行為時候的N400波幅差異顯著,陌生人的情況下波幅更大;被試為高正直感被試,想象陌生人和朋友做出不符合社會規(guī)范行為時候的N400波幅差異不顯著。高正直感個體在兩種水平下誘發(fā)的N400成分波幅之差相對低正直感個體要小,反映出其進行道德判斷的時候更少的受到社會距離的影響。
[Abstract]:The sense of honesty refers to the emotion that dare to maintain justice and adhere to the principle, and belongs to the category of emotional quality. As an important part of moral emotion, honesty is an important content of school moral education and social moral norms. However, there have been few empirical studies on the sense of integrity in the past, and few laboratory studies have been done. However, two major surveys on the emotional quality of adolescents and young people have shown that the level of straightness among contemporary adolescents and young people in China needs to be improved urgently. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of straightness, to develop an effective measurement tool for straightness, and to investigate the behavioral characteristics and EEG differences of individuals with different levels of orthogonality. So as to provide some valuable reference for the research in the field of straightness. This study consists of two sub-studies: the first one uses literature retrieval, individual interviews, questionnaire survey and other research methods to clarify the concept of straightness, and has compiled a situational questionnaire on straightness of college students. The results show that (1) straightness refers to the emotion that dare to maintain justice and adhere to the principle, and belongs to the category of emotional quality. (2) the self-designed questionnaire of college students' straightness is composed of two dimensions. That is to maintain justice and adhere to the principle dimension. (3) the self-designed college students' straightness questionnaire has better reliability and validity index. The second study is a laboratory study, using the questionnaire compiled in study 1 to select individuals with high and low level of orthotropism as the object of study, and to use the self-made moral word pairs as the experimental materials. Word pairs can reflect two kinds of behaviors, which are consistent with and non-conforming to social norms. Using event-related potential technique, this paper discusses the difference of behavior and EEG in moral judgment of college students with different level of straightness. And the possible impact of social distance on it. The independent variables of the experiment were straightness level (high straightness vs low straightness), social distance (stranger vs friends) and moral word pairs (not conformed to vs). Dependent variables were the correct rate of correct judgment of the pairs of words and the reaction time. Degree and amplitude of N400 components. The results show that: (1) there is no significant difference in the correct rate of judging whether the behavior presented is in conformity with the social norms or not. (2) compared with the strangers who are farther away from society, there is no significant difference in the correct rate of judging whether the behavior presented is in conformity with the social norms. Individuals with high or low orthodoxy react more slowly to friends who are close to society when they do not conform to social norms, because the relationship between friends and their subjects is closer, which to some extent affects the reaction of the subjects. But the effect on individuals with a sense of integrity is relatively small. Regardless of whether the behavior presented is in line with social norms or non-conformity, individuals with a high degree of straightness are faster at making judgments and are more rigorous in their criteria. That is to say, negative behaviors made by friends will be more judged to be inconsistent with social norms. (3) subjects with low positive sense, imagine that strangers and friends have significant differences in the amplitude of N400 when they do not conform to social norms. In the case of strangers, the amplitude of the waves is larger; The subjects had a high sense of honesty. There was no significant difference in the N400 amplitude between strangers and friends when they imagined that they did not conform to the social norms. The difference between the amplitudes of N400 components induced by high integrity individuals at two levels is smaller than that of normal individuals, which reflects that they are less affected by social distance when making moral judgments.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.2
[Abstract]:The sense of honesty refers to the emotion that dare to maintain justice and adhere to the principle, and belongs to the category of emotional quality. As an important part of moral emotion, honesty is an important content of school moral education and social moral norms. However, there have been few empirical studies on the sense of integrity in the past, and few laboratory studies have been done. However, two major surveys on the emotional quality of adolescents and young people have shown that the level of straightness among contemporary adolescents and young people in China needs to be improved urgently. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of straightness, to develop an effective measurement tool for straightness, and to investigate the behavioral characteristics and EEG differences of individuals with different levels of orthogonality. So as to provide some valuable reference for the research in the field of straightness. This study consists of two sub-studies: the first one uses literature retrieval, individual interviews, questionnaire survey and other research methods to clarify the concept of straightness, and has compiled a situational questionnaire on straightness of college students. The results show that (1) straightness refers to the emotion that dare to maintain justice and adhere to the principle, and belongs to the category of emotional quality. (2) the self-designed questionnaire of college students' straightness is composed of two dimensions. That is to maintain justice and adhere to the principle dimension. (3) the self-designed college students' straightness questionnaire has better reliability and validity index. The second study is a laboratory study, using the questionnaire compiled in study 1 to select individuals with high and low level of orthotropism as the object of study, and to use the self-made moral word pairs as the experimental materials. Word pairs can reflect two kinds of behaviors, which are consistent with and non-conforming to social norms. Using event-related potential technique, this paper discusses the difference of behavior and EEG in moral judgment of college students with different level of straightness. And the possible impact of social distance on it. The independent variables of the experiment were straightness level (high straightness vs low straightness), social distance (stranger vs friends) and moral word pairs (not conformed to vs). Dependent variables were the correct rate of correct judgment of the pairs of words and the reaction time. Degree and amplitude of N400 components. The results show that: (1) there is no significant difference in the correct rate of judging whether the behavior presented is in conformity with the social norms or not. (2) compared with the strangers who are farther away from society, there is no significant difference in the correct rate of judging whether the behavior presented is in conformity with the social norms. Individuals with high or low orthodoxy react more slowly to friends who are close to society when they do not conform to social norms, because the relationship between friends and their subjects is closer, which to some extent affects the reaction of the subjects. But the effect on individuals with a sense of integrity is relatively small. Regardless of whether the behavior presented is in line with social norms or non-conformity, individuals with a high degree of straightness are faster at making judgments and are more rigorous in their criteria. That is to say, negative behaviors made by friends will be more judged to be inconsistent with social norms. (3) subjects with low positive sense, imagine that strangers and friends have significant differences in the amplitude of N400 when they do not conform to social norms. In the case of strangers, the amplitude of the waves is larger; The subjects had a high sense of honesty. There was no significant difference in the N400 amplitude between strangers and friends when they imagined that they did not conform to the social norms. The difference between the amplitudes of N400 components induced by high integrity individuals at two levels is smaller than that of normal individuals, which reflects that they are less affected by social distance when making moral judgments.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.2
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相關期刊論文 前10條
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