社會(huì)距離對不同正直感水平大學(xué)生道德判斷影響的實(shí)證研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-02 15:09
【摘要】：正直感是指敢于維護(hù)正義,勇于堅(jiān)持原則的情感,屬于情感素質(zhì)的范疇。作為道德情感的重要組成部分,正直感是學(xué)校德育和社會(huì)道德規(guī)范的重要內(nèi)容。但以往正直感方面的實(shí)證研究甚少,實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究更是幾乎沒有,而青少年情感素質(zhì)和青年情感素質(zhì)的兩次大調(diào)查表明我國當(dāng)代青少年和青年的正直感水平亟待提高。因此,本研究旨在明確正直感的概念,編制有效的正直感的測量工具,并在此基礎(chǔ)上考察不同正直感水平個(gè)體的行為特點(diǎn)及腦電差異,從而為正直感領(lǐng)域的研究提供一些有價(jià)值的參考。本研究包括兩個(gè)分研究:研究一綜合運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)檢索、個(gè)別訪談、問卷調(diào)查等研究方法,明確了正直感的概念,自編了情境性的大學(xué)生正直感問卷,結(jié)果表明(1)正直感是指敢于維護(hù)正義,勇于堅(jiān)持原則的情感,屬于情感素質(zhì)的范疇。(2)自編的大學(xué)生正直感問卷由兩個(gè)維度構(gòu)成,即維護(hù)正義和堅(jiān)持原則維度。(3)自編的大學(xué)生正直感問卷具有較好的信效度指標(biāo)。研究二為實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究,使用研究一編制的問卷篩選出高正直感水平個(gè)體和低正直感水平個(gè)體作為研究對象,以自編的道德詞對為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,詞對能夠反映出符合和不符合社會(huì)規(guī)范兩種行為,采用事件相關(guān)電位技術(shù),探討不同正直感水平大學(xué)生在進(jìn)行道德判斷時(shí)候的行為和腦電差異,以及社會(huì)距離對其可能造成的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)自變量為正直感水平(高正直感vs低正直感),社會(huì)距離(陌生人vs朋友)和道德詞對(符合vs不符合),因變量為被試對詞對判斷的正確率、反應(yīng)時(shí)、程度和N400成分的波幅。結(jié)果表明:(1)高低正直感個(gè)體在對所呈現(xiàn)的行為是否符合社會(huì)規(guī)范進(jìn)行判斷的正確率上沒有顯著差異。(2)相比社會(huì)距離較遠(yuǎn)的陌生人做出不符合社會(huì)規(guī)范的行為,高低正直感個(gè)體對于社會(huì)距離較近的朋友做出不符合社會(huì)規(guī)范行為時(shí)候的反應(yīng)時(shí)較慢,因?yàn)榕笥雅c被試自己的關(guān)系較親密,在一定程度上會(huì)影響被試的反應(yīng),但是這種影響對于高正直感個(gè)體相對要小。不管呈現(xiàn)的行為是符合社會(huì)規(guī)范還是不符合的,高正直感個(gè)體進(jìn)行判斷的速度均更快,并且判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更嚴(yán)格,即對于朋友作出的負(fù)性行為會(huì)更加判斷為與社會(huì)規(guī)范不符。(3)被試為低正直感被試,想象陌生人和朋友做出不符合社會(huì)規(guī)范行為時(shí)候的N400波幅差異顯著,陌生人的情況下波幅更大;被試為高正直感被試,想象陌生人和朋友做出不符合社會(huì)規(guī)范行為時(shí)候的N400波幅差異不顯著。高正直感個(gè)體在兩種水平下誘發(fā)的N400成分波幅之差相對低正直感個(gè)體要小,反映出其進(jìn)行道德判斷的時(shí)候更少的受到社會(huì)距離的影響。
[Abstract]:The sense of honesty refers to the emotion that dare to maintain justice and adhere to the principle, and belongs to the category of emotional quality. As an important part of moral emotion, honesty is an important content of school moral education and social moral norms. However, there have been few empirical studies on the sense of integrity in the past, and few laboratory studies have been done. However, two major surveys on the emotional quality of adolescents and young people have shown that the level of straightness among contemporary adolescents and young people in China needs to be improved urgently. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of straightness, to develop an effective measurement tool for straightness, and to investigate the behavioral characteristics and EEG differences of individuals with different levels of orthogonality. So as to provide some valuable reference for the research in the field of straightness. This study consists of two sub-studies: the first one uses literature retrieval, individual interviews, questionnaire survey and other research methods to clarify the concept of straightness, and has compiled a situational questionnaire on straightness of college students. The results show that (1) straightness refers to the emotion that dare to maintain justice and adhere to the principle, and belongs to the category of emotional quality. (2) the self-designed questionnaire of college students' straightness is composed of two dimensions. That is to maintain justice and adhere to the principle dimension. (3) the self-designed college students' straightness questionnaire has better reliability and validity index. The second study is a laboratory study, using the questionnaire compiled in study 1 to select individuals with high and low level of orthotropism as the object of study, and to use the self-made moral word pairs as the experimental materials. Word pairs can reflect two kinds of behaviors, which are consistent with and non-conforming to social norms. Using event-related potential technique, this paper discusses the difference of behavior and EEG in moral judgment of college students with different level of straightness. And the possible impact of social distance on it. The independent variables of the experiment were straightness level (high straightness vs low straightness), social distance (stranger vs friends) and moral word pairs (not conformed to vs). Dependent variables were the correct rate of correct judgment of the pairs of words and the reaction time. Degree and amplitude of N400 components. The results show that: (1) there is no significant difference in the correct rate of judging whether the behavior presented is in conformity with the social norms or not. (2) compared with the strangers who are farther away from society, there is no significant difference in the correct rate of judging whether the behavior presented is in conformity with the social norms. Individuals with high or low orthodoxy react more slowly to friends who are close to society when they do not conform to social norms, because the relationship between friends and their subjects is closer, which to some extent affects the reaction of the subjects. But the effect on individuals with a sense of integrity is relatively small. Regardless of whether the behavior presented is in line with social norms or non-conformity, individuals with a high degree of straightness are faster at making judgments and are more rigorous in their criteria. That is to say, negative behaviors made by friends will be more judged to be inconsistent with social norms. (3) subjects with low positive sense, imagine that strangers and friends have significant differences in the amplitude of N400 when they do not conform to social norms. In the case of strangers, the amplitude of the waves is larger; The subjects had a high sense of honesty. There was no significant difference in the N400 amplitude between strangers and friends when they imagined that they did not conform to the social norms. The difference between the amplitudes of N400 components induced by high integrity individuals at two levels is smaller than that of normal individuals, which reflects that they are less affected by social distance when making moral judgments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.2
[Abstract]:The sense of honesty refers to the emotion that dare to maintain justice and adhere to the principle, and belongs to the category of emotional quality. As an important part of moral emotion, honesty is an important content of school moral education and social moral norms. However, there have been few empirical studies on the sense of integrity in the past, and few laboratory studies have been done. However, two major surveys on the emotional quality of adolescents and young people have shown that the level of straightness among contemporary adolescents and young people in China needs to be improved urgently. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of straightness, to develop an effective measurement tool for straightness, and to investigate the behavioral characteristics and EEG differences of individuals with different levels of orthogonality. So as to provide some valuable reference for the research in the field of straightness. This study consists of two sub-studies: the first one uses literature retrieval, individual interviews, questionnaire survey and other research methods to clarify the concept of straightness, and has compiled a situational questionnaire on straightness of college students. The results show that (1) straightness refers to the emotion that dare to maintain justice and adhere to the principle, and belongs to the category of emotional quality. (2) the self-designed questionnaire of college students' straightness is composed of two dimensions. That is to maintain justice and adhere to the principle dimension. (3) the self-designed college students' straightness questionnaire has better reliability and validity index. The second study is a laboratory study, using the questionnaire compiled in study 1 to select individuals with high and low level of orthotropism as the object of study, and to use the self-made moral word pairs as the experimental materials. Word pairs can reflect two kinds of behaviors, which are consistent with and non-conforming to social norms. Using event-related potential technique, this paper discusses the difference of behavior and EEG in moral judgment of college students with different level of straightness. And the possible impact of social distance on it. The independent variables of the experiment were straightness level (high straightness vs low straightness), social distance (stranger vs friends) and moral word pairs (not conformed to vs). Dependent variables were the correct rate of correct judgment of the pairs of words and the reaction time. Degree and amplitude of N400 components. The results show that: (1) there is no significant difference in the correct rate of judging whether the behavior presented is in conformity with the social norms or not. (2) compared with the strangers who are farther away from society, there is no significant difference in the correct rate of judging whether the behavior presented is in conformity with the social norms. Individuals with high or low orthodoxy react more slowly to friends who are close to society when they do not conform to social norms, because the relationship between friends and their subjects is closer, which to some extent affects the reaction of the subjects. But the effect on individuals with a sense of integrity is relatively small. Regardless of whether the behavior presented is in line with social norms or non-conformity, individuals with a high degree of straightness are faster at making judgments and are more rigorous in their criteria. That is to say, negative behaviors made by friends will be more judged to be inconsistent with social norms. (3) subjects with low positive sense, imagine that strangers and friends have significant differences in the amplitude of N400 when they do not conform to social norms. In the case of strangers, the amplitude of the waves is larger; The subjects had a high sense of honesty. There was no significant difference in the N400 amplitude between strangers and friends when they imagined that they did not conform to the social norms. The difference between the amplitudes of N400 components induced by high integrity individuals at two levels is smaller than that of normal individuals, which reflects that they are less affected by social distance when making moral judgments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.2
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
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