【摘要】：目前我國正快速步入老齡化社會,年齡的增長導致個體身心各方面均出現(xiàn)老化,尤其是認知功能的老化會給老年個體的生活造成很大的影響。因此,研究如何保持老年個體的認知功能,幫助其健康老化顯得十分重要�，F(xiàn)有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),教育是影響個體認知功能的重要因素,然而文盲群體在缺乏教育的保護作用下,其健康狀況、職業(yè)狀況、經(jīng)濟狀況、生活方式等都會受到影響,進而影響其認知老化的進程。因此,對文盲群體認知老化的研究不僅可以讓我們了解這個群體認知老化的基本狀況及其影響因素,更可以讓我們從另一個角度深入理解教育在認知老化中的重要作用。此外,以往在研究教育與認知老化的關系時,大多探討個體的不同教育水平與其認知能力之間的相關,在發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者之間具有較高正相關的基礎上得出教育是認知老化的重要保護性因素；但不同教育水平的個體日后的生活方式存在非常大的不同,特別是在日常認知活動的參與上存在巨大的不同。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高教育水平者往往在日常生活中對讀書、看報等認知類的活動參與度更高。因此研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的教育與認知能力之間的相關是來源于教育本身的作用,還是生活方式(特別是休閑活動)的不同,擬或是教育對認知能力的影響在很大程度上來源于休閑活動的中介作用,現(xiàn)有研究尚缺乏系統(tǒng)的探討。 因此本研究試圖從文盲被試的角度,以實證的方法探討我國文化背景下文盲老年個體的認知功能狀況及其相關影響因素,并通過對休閑活動在教育水平與認知功能之間的中介作用的探討來進一步分析教育對認知功能的作用途徑。這不僅是從實證方面對影響文盲老年個體認知功能的機制進行的探討,還為文盲老年個體的認知功能干預提供了理論指導,對文盲老年個體如何有效的保持認知功能,促進其成功老化也具有重要的理論指導意義。 本研究主要通過問卷和心理測量的方法隨機選擇成都市和重慶市的386個文盲老年個體為研究對象,且在平衡性別、來源等人口學特征變量后選取386個非文盲老年個體作為對照組。將測驗材料打印并裝訂成冊,由經(jīng)過標準化培訓的主試現(xiàn)場施測,統(tǒng)一收回。通過對文盲老年個體認知功能在人口學變量上的差異檢驗、文盲老年個體認知功能影響因素的回歸分析、文盲與非文盲老年個體的對比分析以及休閑活動在教育水平與認知功能間的中介效應分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)： (1)城市和農(nóng)村文盲老年個體在一般認知功能、短時記憶、知覺速度上都存在顯著差異；但不同性別的文盲老年個體在所有認知功能上都不存在顯著差異。 (2)城市和農(nóng)村文盲老年個體認知功能的影響因素存在差異。其中年齡、休閑活動是共同因素；影響城市文盲老年個體認知功能的獨特因素為健康狀況、是否工作過；影響農(nóng)村文盲老年個體認知功能的獨特因素為是否患病、居住狀況。 (3)文盲老年個體高、低認知功能的影響因素存在差異。其中年齡、休閑活動是共同因素；影響文盲老年個體高認知功能的獨特因素為是否患病、是否工作過、健康狀況；影響文盲老年個體低認知功能的獨特因素為是否飲酒、居住地、最近心情。 (4)文盲和非文盲老年個體認知功能的影響因素存在差異。其中年齡、休閑活動、是否工作過、吸煙狀況是共同因素；影響文盲老年個體認知功能的獨特因素為居住地、是否患�。挥绊懛俏拿だ夏陚�體整體認知功能的獨特因素為教育水平、最近心情、生活滿意、飲酒狀況。 (5)休閑活動對文盲和非文盲老年個體認知功能的影響是不同的。在文盲老年個體中,除身體活動外,活動總分、認知活動、社會活動都能顯著預測其四項認知功能,而在非文盲老年個體中只有認知活動能顯著預測其四項認知功能,其共同點為認知活動是兩者認知功能的最大預測因素。 (6)休閑活動在教育水平與認知功能(一般認知功能、短時記憶、知覺速度、執(zhí)行功能)之間起部分中介作用：即教育水平既可直接影響老年個體認知功能水平的高低,也可以休閑活動為中介間接加以影響。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is rapidly entering the aging society, and the growth of the age has led to the aging of the individual and mind of the individual, especially the aging of the cognitive function can have a great influence on the life of the elderly. Therefore, it is very important to study how to keep the cognitive function of the old individual and help the healthy aging of the elderly. The existing research has found that education is an important factor that affects the cognitive function of the individual. However, under the protection of the lack of education, the health status, the occupational condition, the economic status and the way of life of the illiterate population will be affected, thus affecting the process of cognitive aging. Therefore, the study of the cognitive aging of the illiterate population can not only let us know the basic condition and the influence factors of the cognitive aging of this group, but also let us understand the important role of education in the cognitive aging from another perspective. In addition, in the past, in the study of the relationship between education and cognitive aging, the relationship between the individual's different educational level and its cognitive ability is discussed, and it is found that education is an important protective factor for cognitive aging based on the high positive correlation between them. However, there is a great difference in the way of life of individual after different educational levels, especially in the participation of daily cognitive activities. It has been found that higher education levels tend to be more active in the activities of reading, reading and other cognitive classes in daily life. Therefore, it is found that the correlation between the education and the cognitive ability is derived from the role of the education itself, or the difference in the way of life (especially the leisure activities), and the influence of the education on the cognitive ability is largely derived from the intermediary function of the leisure activities. The existing research still lacks the system's discussion. Therefore, this study tries to study the cognitive function and the related influence of the aged individuals in the cultural background of our country by means of an empirical method from the perspective of the test of illiteracy. The purpose of this paper is to further analyze the application of the education to the cognitive function through the discussion of the intermediary between the educational level and the cognitive function of the leisure activities. This is not only a study of the mechanism of the cognitive function of the elderly in the old age, but also provides the theoretical guidance for the intervention of the cognitive function of the aged individuals. It also has important theoretical guidance for promoting its successful aging. In this study, 386 illiterate elderly individuals in Chengdu and Chongqing were selected as the study subjects by the methods of questionnaire and psychological measurement, and 386 non-illiterate elderly individuals were selected as the variables of the demographic characteristics such as gender and source. Control group. The test material shall be printed and made into a volume, and the test shall be applied to the main trial site through the standardized training. A recovery. Through the analysis of the difference between the cognitive function of the aged individual in the illiterate and the demographic variables, the regression analysis of the influential factors of the cognitive function of the aged individual, the comparative analysis of the illiterate and the non-illiterate elderly and the intermediate effect between the educational level and the cognitive function of the leisure activities It is to be analyzed, bound, The results showed: (1) There was a significant difference in the general cognitive function, the short-time memory and the perceived speed of the aged individuals in urban and rural areas, but the aged individuals with different sex did not exist in all their cognitive functions a significant difference in the cognitive function of aged individuals in urban and rural areas There is a difference in the response factors, among which, the age and the leisure activity are the common factors, the unique factors that affect the cognitive function of the aged individual in the city are the health status, whether the work has been done, the unique factor that affects the cognitive function of the old individual in the rural area is whether or not illness and living condition. (3) high and low cognitive function of illiterate elderly The influence factors of age and leisure are the common factors; the unique factors that affect the high cognitive function of the aged individuals with illiteracy are whether they are ill, whether they work or not, and the health status; the unique factors that affect the low cognitive function of the old individual with illiteracy are whether to drink or not, place of residence, the most recent mood. (4) Awareness of the elderly in the age of illiteracy and non-illiteracy The influence factors of the function are different. Among them, the age, leisure activity, whether to work or not, the smoking status is a common factor; the unique factors that affect the cognitive function of the old individual of the illiterate are the place of residence, whether to be sick or not; the unique factors that affect the overall cognitive function of the non-illiterate old individual are the education water To be flat, the nearest heart (5) leisure activities for illiterate and non-illiterate elderly people The influence of individual cognitive function is different. In the aged individuals with illiteracy, in addition to physical activity, the total score of activity, cognitive activities and social activities can significantly predict the four cognitive functions of the individual, and only the cognitive function in the non-illiterate old individuals The kinetic energy is a significant predictor of its four cognitive functions, and the common ground is that the cognitive activity is (6) The leisure activities play a part of the mediating role between the level of education and the cognitive function (general cognitive function, short-time memory, perception speed and executive function): that is, the level of education can be both direct and direct affects the level of the cognitive function of the individual in the old age, and also
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 駱雄;唐牟尼;;輕度認知功能障礙轉(zhuǎn)化預測指標研究進展[J];國際精神病學雜志;2014年01期

2 潘惠英;王君俏;吳美玲;陳江峗;;社區(qū)老年人輕度認知障礙患病率及其生活質(zhì)量的調(diào)查[J];解放軍護理雜志;2012年02期

3 王賀波;齊亞超;呂佩源;趙寶華;郭宗成;王天俊;張和振;劉昌林;靳瑋;李玲;趙大衛(wèi);王建華;;皮質(zhì)下缺血性腦血管病的臨床特征及其認知損害的危險因素[J];中國全科醫(yī)學;2010年05期

4 顧大男;曾毅;;1992~2002年中國老年人生活自理能力變化研究[J];人口與經(jīng)濟;2006年04期

5 劉雪梅;沈志霞;吳壽嶺;;老年人認知功能障礙的危險因素分析[J];山東醫(yī)藥;2007年26期

6 林國榮;王煒;陳秀英;張六平;;社區(qū)老年人認知功能調(diào)查分析[J];社區(qū)醫(yī)學雜志;2006年01期

7 許軍;羅樂宣;吳嫻波;王躍平;陳建;徐娟;;深圳市不同受教育程度人群的自測健康狀況調(diào)查分析[J];實用醫(yī)學雜志;2006年11期

8 周波;王煒;王魯寧;;老年人認知功能與年齡及受教育程度的關系[J];實用醫(yī)學雜志;2007年01期

9 孫壽丹;傅經(jīng)明;盧豪;宋楠;李海強;譚龍;龐偉;蔣與剛;;天津市505名老年人認知功能障礙及影響因素調(diào)查[J];實用預防醫(yī)學;2012年12期

10 陳先波;李虹道;金新政;;云南曲靖地區(qū)老年人經(jīng)濟狀況與社會保障情況調(diào)查[J];衛(wèi)生軟科學;2011年04期

，

本文編號：2418522