【摘要】：概念表征的具身理論認(rèn)為，概念表征與知覺運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)具有共同的神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)，概念加工的基本形式則是身體經(jīng)驗(yàn)的模擬與還原。權(quán)力,作為一種抽象概念也是具有身體性基礎(chǔ)的，，而隱喻則是權(quán)力抽象概念與身體知覺經(jīng)驗(yàn)建立聯(lián)結(jié)的橋梁。人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪型ǔ?huì)用“上”和“下”垂直空間概念來描述權(quán)力，但以往研究大多都是從語言學(xué)角度出發(fā),從大量語料中證實(shí)了權(quán)力垂直空間隱喻的存在，很少從認(rèn)知心理學(xué)角度對(duì)此進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究。本研究梳理了國內(nèi)外有關(guān)權(quán)力概念表征的相關(guān)研究，采用空間Stroop范式和空間注意定向范式對(duì)權(quán)力概念表征的自動(dòng)激活、跨文化差異以及神經(jīng)機(jī)制進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)述。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一使用空間Stroop范式探討了垂直空間位置對(duì)權(quán)力評(píng)估的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)中，要求被試對(duì)出現(xiàn)在屏幕上方或者下方的權(quán)力詞進(jìn)行判斷評(píng)估。結(jié)果顯示，代表高權(quán)力的詞出現(xiàn)在屏幕上方比出現(xiàn)在屏幕下方時(shí)，被試的反應(yīng)時(shí)明顯縮短；代表低權(quán)力的詞出現(xiàn)在屏幕上方比出現(xiàn)在屏幕下方時(shí)，被試的反應(yīng)時(shí)延遲。ERP結(jié)果顯示，當(dāng)權(quán)力詞隱喻的空間特性與目標(biāo)物出現(xiàn)的位置一致時(shí)誘發(fā)出一個(gè)更大的N100波幅，不一致時(shí)誘發(fā)出一個(gè)更大的P100波幅、P300波幅、P450波幅、P550波幅和SP波幅。該結(jié)果提示，空間位置關(guān)系在早期知覺加工階段和后期反應(yīng)選擇階段都可以影響人們對(duì)權(quán)力詞的判斷評(píng)估，權(quán)力概念的啟動(dòng)加工會(huì)自動(dòng)激活權(quán)力詞暗含的上-下空間意向圖示。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用空間注意定向范式探討了在思考權(quán)力抽象概念時(shí)是否可以自動(dòng)激活空間上-下意向圖示，并將空間注意指向了與意向圖示相一致的位置。實(shí)驗(yàn)中，首先要求被試判斷出現(xiàn)在屏幕中央的權(quán)力詞代表的是高權(quán)力還是低權(quán)力，接著在屏幕的上方或者下方呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)目標(biāo)字母（“m”或“n”），要求被試對(duì)該字母進(jìn)行識(shí)別反應(yīng)。結(jié)果顯示當(dāng)權(quán)力詞隱喻的空間特性與目標(biāo)物出現(xiàn)的位置一致時(shí)誘發(fā)了一個(gè)更大的N100波幅，不一致時(shí)誘發(fā)了一個(gè)更大的P100波幅和P300波幅。這些結(jié)果說明了在思考權(quán)力概念時(shí)，被試將注意轉(zhuǎn)移到了與意向圖示相一致的位置，并且對(duì)權(quán)力詞語的知覺影響了隨后的位置判斷任務(wù)。 綜上所述，權(quán)力概念表征的研究證實(shí)了實(shí)驗(yàn)假設(shè)。主體是以感知運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)權(quán)力抽象概念進(jìn)行體驗(yàn)式表征與加工的，在思考權(quán)力抽象概念時(shí)可以自動(dòng)激活空間上-下意向圖示，并將空間注意指向了與意向圖示相一致的位置。本研究從理論上加深了我們對(duì)權(quán)力概念表征方式的理解，揭示了權(quán)力意識(shí)和官本位思想的神經(jīng)機(jī)制。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)不但豐富了概念表征的具身理論，而且有助于兒童今后對(duì)概念的學(xué)習(xí)。
[Abstract]:The body theory of conceptual representation holds that conceptual representation and perceptual motor system share the same neural basis, and the basic form of conceptual processing is the simulation and reduction of physical experience. Power, as an abstract concept, also has a physical basis, and metaphor is a bridge between the abstract concept of power and the experience of body perception. People usually use the concepts of "upper" and "lower" vertical space to describe power in their daily life. However, most of the previous studies have proved the existence of metaphor in power vertical space from the perspective of linguistics. There is little empirical research on this from the perspective of cognitive psychology. This study combs the relevant researches on power conceptual representation at home and abroad, and makes a comprehensive review of the automatic activation, cross-cultural differences and neural mechanism of power conceptual representation by using spatial Stroop paradigm and spatial attention orientation paradigm. Experiment 1 uses spatial Stroop paradigm to explore the influence of vertical spatial position on power evaluation. In the experiment, subjects were asked to evaluate the power words that appeared above or below the screen. The results showed that the reaction time of the subjects was significantly shorter when the words representing high power appeared at the top of the screen than at the bottom of the screen. The reaction time of the subjects was delayed when the words of low power appeared at the top of the screen than at the bottom of the screen. ERP results showed that a larger amplitude of N100 was induced when the spatial characteristics of the power word metaphor were consistent with the location of the object. A larger P100, P300, P450, P550 and SP amplitudes were induced when inconsistent. The results suggest that spatial position relationship can affect the judgment and evaluation of power words in the early stage of perceptual processing and in the later stage of reaction selection, and the concept of power and the union automatically activate the upper and lower spatial intention diagrams implied by the power words. In experiment 2, the spatial attention orientation paradigm is used to explore whether the spatial intention icon can be automatically activated when thinking about the concept of power abstraction, and the spatial attention is pointed to the position consistent with the intention diagram. In the experiment, the subjects were first asked to determine whether the power words appearing in the center of the screen represented high or low power, and then a target letter ("m" or "n") was displayed at the top or bottom of the screen. The subjects were asked to recognize the letter. The results show that a larger N100 amplitude is induced when the spatial characteristics of power metaphor are consistent with the location of the object, and a larger P100 amplitude and P300 amplitude are induced when the power word metaphor is inconsistent. These results show that when thinking about the concept of power, the participants shifted their attention to a position consistent with the intention diagram, and the perception of the power words affected the subsequent task of position judgment. To sum up, the study of power conceptual representation confirms the experimental hypothesis. The subject represents and processes the abstract concept of power by perceptual motion experience. When thinking about the abstract concept of power, it can automatically activate the spatial representation of the upper-lower intention, and point the spatial attention to the position consistent with the schematic representation of intention. This study theoretically deepens our understanding of the representation of the concept of power and reveals the neural mechanism of power consciousness and officialdom. These findings not only enrich the physical theory of conceptual representation, but also contribute to children's learning of concepts in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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