【摘要】：提取練習(xí)效應(yīng)指相比同等時間的重復(fù)學(xué)習(xí),對所學(xué)材料進(jìn)行提取練習(xí)(即使無反饋)可使被試在之后的回憶測驗中表現(xiàn)更好。早期研究從編碼或提取單維度地對提取練習(xí)效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了描述性解釋,新近以來,研究者整合了編碼和提取在提取練習(xí)效應(yīng)中的作用,從記憶加工全過程的角度考察了提取練習(xí)效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制,并得到諸多研究證據(jù)的支持。論文梳理了提取練習(xí)效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生機(jī)制的各類假說,并重點(diǎn)分析比較了精細(xì)提取假說和情景背景假說,指出后者在解釋提取練習(xí)效應(yīng)上的優(yōu)勢。未來研究可結(jié)合認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)的研究技術(shù)為情景背景假說提供更直接的證據(jù),有關(guān)提取練習(xí)對于短期和長期記憶促進(jìn)效果的爭議也有待進(jìn)一步解釋厘清,同時如何在揭示其原理的基礎(chǔ)上將其更高效地加以應(yīng)用亦有待實踐探索。
[Abstract]:The effect of extraction exercise means that the extraction exercise (even without feedback) of the materials learned can make the subjects perform better in the later recall test than repeated learning in the same time. Earlier studies have described the effects of extraction exercises from a single dimension of coding or extraction. Recently, researchers have integrated the role of coding and extraction in the effects of extraction exercises. From the point of view of the whole process of memory processing, the mechanism of extraction exercise effect is investigated, and it is supported by many evidences. This paper combs the various hypotheses of the mechanism of extraction exercise effect, and analyzes and compares the fine extraction hypothesis and the scenario background hypothesis, and points out the advantages of the latter in explaining the extraction exercise effect. Future studies may provide more direct evidence for situational background hypotheses in combination with cognitive neuroscience techniques, and the controversy over the effects of extraction exercises on short- and long-term memory promotion needs to be further explained. At the same time, how to apply it more efficiently on the basis of revealing its principle remains to be explored.
【作者單位】： 福建師范大學(xué)教育學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家社會科學(xué)基金“十二五”規(guī)劃2014年度教育學(xué)青年課題(CBA140144):基于提取和反饋的計算機(jī)輔助二語詞匯習(xí)得模式研究
【分類號】：B842.3

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