【摘要】：正念最早起源于東方佛教傳統(tǒng),是其禪修訓(xùn)練中最為核心的一種方法。隨后逐漸傳入西方,與心理治療進(jìn)行融合,掀起了一股正念熱潮。已有研究證明正念訓(xùn)練在促進(jìn)積極情緒、工作記憶容量、認(rèn)知靈活性等諸多方面都具有顯著的效果,而這些情緒、認(rèn)知因素正是促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造力的關(guān)鍵。因此,我們可以推測(cè)——正念是能夠促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造力的。但令人遺憾的是,目前對(duì)正念和創(chuàng)造力之間關(guān)系進(jìn)行探討的研究較少,少有的研究結(jié)果也存在爭(zhēng)議�，F(xiàn)有正念-創(chuàng)造力的研究多只考慮了某一創(chuàng)造力測(cè)量,而創(chuàng)造力的測(cè)量方式多種多樣,所測(cè)量的指標(biāo)之間也具有一定差異,創(chuàng)造力指標(biāo)之間的差異很可能正是當(dāng)前結(jié)果不一的原因之一。此外,正念是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的多層次概念,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)正念的“觀察”維度、“有覺(jué)知地行動(dòng)”維度與創(chuàng)造性思維的關(guān)系可能不同。但現(xiàn)有研究對(duì)正念的討論多局限于總體傾向水平,缺乏對(duì)不同正念維度的進(jìn)一步考察,正念維度對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的影響是否具有一致性還需要進(jìn)一步的探討。因此,本研究采用了不同的創(chuàng)造性任務(wù),試圖探討正念及其“觀察”、“專(zhuān)注”成分與創(chuàng)造力之間的關(guān)系。研究包括兩個(gè)部分。研究一旨在探討特質(zhì)正念水平及其“觀察”、“專(zhuān)注”成分與創(chuàng)造力之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系。選取大學(xué)生被試228人,采用正念注意覺(jué)知量表(MAAS)和五因素正念量表(FFMQ)測(cè)量被試的正念總體及各維度水平,同時(shí)采用非常規(guī)用途任務(wù)(UUT)測(cè)量被試的發(fā)散思維,遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)想測(cè)驗(yàn)(RAT)測(cè)量聚合思維,經(jīng)典頓悟問(wèn)題和字謎測(cè)量頓悟表現(xiàn),以及采用威廉斯創(chuàng)造力傾向測(cè)驗(yàn)(WPMF)測(cè)量被試的創(chuàng)造性?xún)A向。研究二在研究一的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)不同的正念訓(xùn)練分別對(duì)“觀察”、“專(zhuān)注”成分進(jìn)行直接操縱,旨在進(jìn)一步探討正念“觀察”、“專(zhuān)注”成分與創(chuàng)造力之間的因果關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果表明:1)除經(jīng)典頓悟問(wèn)題外,特質(zhì)正念水平與各創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)(UUT、RAT、字謎、WPMF)表現(xiàn)均呈顯著正相關(guān),即特質(zhì)正念水平越高的被試,在大部分創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)上的表現(xiàn)都越好;2)在RAT、WPMF的各個(gè)維度及總體水平上,正念的“觀察”維度和“有覺(jué)知地行動(dòng)”維度產(chǎn)生了不同的作用,即相比“有覺(jué)知地行動(dòng)”維度,正念的“觀察”維度更能正向預(yù)測(cè)個(gè)體的RAT和WPMF表現(xiàn);3)7天訓(xùn)練后,正念-觀察組被試的RAT得分顯著高于控制組,而正念-專(zhuān)注組被試的RAT得分與控制組并無(wú)顯著差異。這也就是說(shuō)相比提高正念“專(zhuān)注”成分的聚焦注意力訓(xùn)練(FA),針對(duì)于培養(yǎng)正念“觀察”成分的開(kāi)放性監(jiān)測(cè)訓(xùn)練(OM)更能促進(jìn)RAT的解決。
[Abstract]:Mindfulness originated from the oriental Buddhist tradition and is the most important method in its meditation training. Then gradually introduced into the West, and psychotherapy fusion, set off a wave of mindfulness upsurge. It has been proved that mindfulness training has remarkable effects in promoting positive emotion, working memory capacity, cognitive flexibility and so on, and these emotions and cognitive factors are the key to promote creativity. So we can speculate that mindfulness promotes creativity. Unfortunately, there are few studies on the relationship between mindfulness and creativity. Most of the existing mindfulness and creativity studies only consider a measure of creativity, and creativity is measured in a variety of ways, and there are certain differences between the indicators measured. The difference between creativity indicators is probably one of the reasons for the current inconsistency. In addition, mindfulness is a complex multi-level concept. The study found that the "observation" dimension of mindfulness and the relationship between "conscious action" dimension and creative thinking may be different. However, the discussion of mindfulness is limited to the general tendency level, and it is lack of further investigation on different mindfulness dimensions. Whether there is consistency in the influence of mindfulness on creativity still needs to be further explored. Therefore, this study uses different creative tasks to explore the relationship between mindfulness and its "observation", "focus" and creativity. The study consists of two parts. Study one aims to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and its observation, concentration and creativity. Two hundred and twenty-eight college students were selected to measure the total and dimension levels of mindfulness by using the mindfulness awareness scale (MAAS) and five-factor mindfulness scale (FFMQ), and the divergent thinking of the subjects was measured by non-conventional use task (UUT). Distance association test (RAT) was used to measure aggregate thinking, classical epiphany questions and puzzles were used to measure epiphany performance, and Williams creativity tendency test (WPMF) was used to measure the subjects' creative tendency. On the basis of study one, the second study directly manipulates the components of "observation" and "focus" through different mindfulness training, in order to further explore the causal relationship between mindfulness "observation", "focus" and creativity. The results showed that: 1) except for the classical epiphany, the level of trait mindfulness was positively correlated with the, WPMF) performance of UUT,RAT, puzzles, that is, the higher the level of trait mindfulness was, the higher the level of trait mindfulness was. The better on most creative tasks; 2) in each dimension and overall level of RAT,WPMF, the dimension of mindfulness "observation" and "conscious action" have different effects, that is, compared with the dimension of "conscious action", The observational dimension of mindfulness can positively predict the RAT and WPMF performance of individuals. 3) after 7 days of training, the RAT score of the mind-observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the RAT score of the mind-focus group was not significantly different from that of the control group. This means that (FA), can promote the solution of RAT better than to improve the focus training of mindfulness "focus" component, which is aimed at cultivating mindfulness "observation" component.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B842

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