【摘要】：從抑制控制模型出發(fā),采用負(fù)啟動范式探究過度使用比例推理的認(rèn)知機(jī)制。研究包括3個實(shí)驗(yàn),以小學(xué)生、中學(xué)生和大學(xué)生為被試,分別考察了抑制控制在解決缺值應(yīng)用題、圖片推理任務(wù)中的作用,以及數(shù)字比(整數(shù)比、非整數(shù)比)是否對抑制控制過程有影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):小學(xué)生、中學(xué)生和大學(xué)生在兩類實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)中均出現(xiàn)了負(fù)啟動效應(yīng),但負(fù)啟動量不存在年級差異;在圖片推理任務(wù)中,不同數(shù)字比類型下的負(fù)啟動量具有顯著差異。研究結(jié)果支持了抑制控制模型的觀點(diǎn),即成功解決問題不僅需要掌握問題的內(nèi)在邏輯,更需要對不恰當(dāng)策略進(jìn)行抑制;在解決問題的過程中,無論是兒童、青少年還是成人都需要抑制控制的參與,三者在抑制控制效率上沒有差異;數(shù)字比類型對抑制過程有影響,但僅限于圖片推理問題。
[Abstract]:Based on the inhibition control model, negative priming paradigm is used to explore the cognitive mechanism of excessive use of proportional reasoning. The study consisted of three experiments, including primary, middle and college students. The effects of inhibition control on the problem solving, the task of picture reasoning, and the integer ratio (integer ratio) were investigated, respectively. Whether the non-integer ratio) has an effect on the suppression control process. The results showed that there was a negative priming effect in primary school students, middle school students and college students in the two kinds of experimental tasks, but there was no difference in the amount of negative priming in grade, and there was significant difference in the negative priming amount under different number ratio types in the task of picture reasoning. The research results support the viewpoint of the inhibition control model, that is, to solve the problem successfully not only needs to master the internal logic of the problem, but also needs to restrain the inappropriate strategy. In the process of solving the problem, both children, adolescents and adults need to participate in inhibition control, and there is no difference in the efficiency of inhibition control among the three groups. The type of digital ratio has influence on the inhibition process, but it is limited to the problem of picture reasoning.
【作者單位】： 北京師范大學(xué)心理學(xué)院;深圳大學(xué)心理與社會學(xué)院;
【分類號】：B842.1

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