心理資本對(duì)低階層貧富差距歸因傾向的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-19 20:43
【摘要】：貧富差距的逐年擴(kuò)大,引發(fā)了諸多的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。有些地方甚至出現(xiàn)了“仇富”“仇官”等極端社會(huì)心態(tài),引起了政府管理者和學(xué)者們的密切關(guān)注。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,已有不少研究證明,當(dāng)個(gè)體對(duì)貧富差距做出外部歸因傾向時(shí),就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的不公平感和相對(duì)剝奪感,進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生極端心態(tài),成為影響社會(huì)安定和諧的潛在因素。而階層心理學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),社會(huì)階層較低的個(gè)體更傾向于對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的貧富差距問(wèn)題做外部歸因,即更多的將這種貧富差距歸結(jié)為是社會(huì)制度、機(jī)會(huì)不平等或者歧視等外部原因。由此,處于較低社會(huì)地位的群體,他們更有可能感知到現(xiàn)實(shí)的不公,進(jìn)而引起一些極端的社會(huì)心態(tài)。因此,低階層民眾對(duì)貧富差距的歸因更應(yīng)當(dāng)引起重視和關(guān)注。了解低階層民眾對(duì)貧富差距外歸因的內(nèi)在機(jī)制不僅能夠完善階層心理學(xué)的相關(guān)理論,而且從實(shí)際意義上來(lái)說(shuō),也有助于為社會(huì)管理制定適宜的政策提供有價(jià)值的參考。本文建立在階層心理學(xué)理論和心理資本干預(yù)的理論上,通過(guò)三個(gè)研究從實(shí)證的角度對(duì)低階層貧富差距外歸因傾向的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了探討。具體來(lái)說(shuō),首先通過(guò)調(diào)查的方式了解低階層群體貧富差距的歸因傾向。接著,采用干預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步探究了心理資本對(duì)低階層外歸因傾向的影響及其中介作用機(jī)制。研究1a采用問(wèn)卷法,以湖北高校的537名高低不同階層的大學(xué)生為被試,調(diào)查結(jié)果表明：與高社會(huì)階層相比,低社會(huì)階層的心理資本水平更低,控制感水平更低,且傾向于對(duì)貧富差距進(jìn)行外歸因。心理資本對(duì)低階層大學(xué)生群體貧富差距外歸因傾向的影響受到控制感的中介作用。研究lb采用問(wèn)卷法,在不同省份抽取典型的低階層成人被試作為研究對(duì)象,低階層被試371人(職業(yè)為產(chǎn)業(yè)工人、商業(yè)服務(wù)人員、保潔員、客服員,且主觀階層得分在4分及以下),男性被試185名,女性被試186名。研究結(jié)果表明：控制感在心理資本與貧富差距外歸因傾向之間起中介作用。研究二采用實(shí)驗(yàn)干預(yù)法,以77名低階層大學(xué)生為被試。其中實(shí)驗(yàn)組38名,進(jìn)行心理資本干預(yù)；控制組39名,不進(jìn)行心理資本干預(yù)。研究結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過(guò)心理資本干預(yù)后的低階層被試,其心理資本水平顯著上升,控制感水平顯著上升,且貧富差距的外歸因傾向顯著下降,控制感在其中起到中介作用。總的來(lái)說(shuō),該研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明了低階層個(gè)體的更偏好將貧富差距問(wèn)題歸結(jié)為是制度、背景等外部原因。為了緩解這種貧富差距的外歸因傾向,我們可以通過(guò)心理資本干預(yù)提升低階層個(gè)體的心理資本水平,包括自我效能、希望、樂(lè)觀和韌性,從而提升低階層個(gè)體的貧富差距的外歸因傾向,最終可以幫助低階層個(gè)體,減少外歸因,增加內(nèi)歸因。
[Abstract]:The widening gap between the rich and the poor has caused many social problems. In some places, extreme social attitudes, such as hatred against the rich and officials, have aroused the close attention of government administrators and scholars. In view of this problem, many studies have proved that when the individual makes an external attribution tendency to the gap between the rich and the poor, it will produce more sense of injustice and relative deprivation, and then produce extreme mentality, and become a potential factor affecting social stability and harmony. However, the research of stratum psychology found that the individuals with lower social stratum tend to make external attribution to the real problem of the gap between the rich and the poor, that is to say, the gap between the rich and the poor is more attributed to the external reasons such as social system, unequal opportunity or discrimination. As a result, groups in lower social status are more likely to perceive real injustice and cause some extreme social attitudes. Therefore, the attribution of low-class people to the gap between rich and poor should be paid more attention and attention. Understanding the internal mechanism of the low class people's attribution to the gap between the rich and the poor can not only perfect the relevant theories of stratum psychology, but also help to provide valuable reference for social management to formulate appropriate policies in practical sense. Based on the theory of stratum psychology and the intervention of psychological capital, this paper probes into the problem of the tendency of attribution outside the gap between the rich and the poor in the lower class from the perspective of three empirical studies. Specifically, first of all, through the way of investigation to understand the low-class groups of the gap between rich and poor attribution tendency. Then, the influence of psychological capital on low-level extraordinarily attributional tendency and its mediating mechanism are further explored by intervention experiment. In the first year of the study, 537 college students from different social classes in Hubei province were investigated by questionnaire. The results showed that the psychological capital level and the control sense level of the lower social class were lower than those of the high social class. And tend to the gap between the rich and poor external attribution. The influence of psychological capital on the external attribution tendency of the low class college students is mediated by the sense of control. The study of lb used questionnaire method to select typical low-class adult subjects in different provinces as the study subjects, the low-class participants (occupation for industrial workers, business service personnel, cleaning staff, customer service workers, workers, There were 185 male and 186 female subjects. The results show that the sense of control plays an intermediary role between psychological capital and the external attribution tendency of the gap between the rich and the poor. In the second study, 77 low-class college students were selected as subjects by experimental intervention. There were 38 cases in the experimental group and 39 cases in the control group. The results show that after the intervention of psychological capital, the level of psychological capital increases significantly, the level of sense of control increases significantly, and the external attribution tendency of the gap between the rich and the poor decreases significantly, in which the sense of control plays an intermediary role. In general, the results show that the lower class individuals prefer to attribute the gap between the rich and the poor to institutional, background and other external reasons. In order to alleviate this tendency of extrinsic attribution of the gap between the rich and the poor, we can raise the level of psychological capital of the lower class individuals through psychological capital intervention, including self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. So as to promote the low class individual's tendency of external attribution of the gap between the rich and the poor, it can ultimately help the low class individual, reduce the external attribution and increase the internal attribution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B848.3
本文編號(hào)：2343375
[Abstract]:The widening gap between the rich and the poor has caused many social problems. In some places, extreme social attitudes, such as hatred against the rich and officials, have aroused the close attention of government administrators and scholars. In view of this problem, many studies have proved that when the individual makes an external attribution tendency to the gap between the rich and the poor, it will produce more sense of injustice and relative deprivation, and then produce extreme mentality, and become a potential factor affecting social stability and harmony. However, the research of stratum psychology found that the individuals with lower social stratum tend to make external attribution to the real problem of the gap between the rich and the poor, that is to say, the gap between the rich and the poor is more attributed to the external reasons such as social system, unequal opportunity or discrimination. As a result, groups in lower social status are more likely to perceive real injustice and cause some extreme social attitudes. Therefore, the attribution of low-class people to the gap between rich and poor should be paid more attention and attention. Understanding the internal mechanism of the low class people's attribution to the gap between the rich and the poor can not only perfect the relevant theories of stratum psychology, but also help to provide valuable reference for social management to formulate appropriate policies in practical sense. Based on the theory of stratum psychology and the intervention of psychological capital, this paper probes into the problem of the tendency of attribution outside the gap between the rich and the poor in the lower class from the perspective of three empirical studies. Specifically, first of all, through the way of investigation to understand the low-class groups of the gap between rich and poor attribution tendency. Then, the influence of psychological capital on low-level extraordinarily attributional tendency and its mediating mechanism are further explored by intervention experiment. In the first year of the study, 537 college students from different social classes in Hubei province were investigated by questionnaire. The results showed that the psychological capital level and the control sense level of the lower social class were lower than those of the high social class. And tend to the gap between the rich and poor external attribution. The influence of psychological capital on the external attribution tendency of the low class college students is mediated by the sense of control. The study of lb used questionnaire method to select typical low-class adult subjects in different provinces as the study subjects, the low-class participants (occupation for industrial workers, business service personnel, cleaning staff, customer service workers, workers, There were 185 male and 186 female subjects. The results show that the sense of control plays an intermediary role between psychological capital and the external attribution tendency of the gap between the rich and the poor. In the second study, 77 low-class college students were selected as subjects by experimental intervention. There were 38 cases in the experimental group and 39 cases in the control group. The results show that after the intervention of psychological capital, the level of psychological capital increases significantly, the level of sense of control increases significantly, and the external attribution tendency of the gap between the rich and the poor decreases significantly, in which the sense of control plays an intermediary role. In general, the results show that the lower class individuals prefer to attribute the gap between the rich and the poor to institutional, background and other external reasons. In order to alleviate this tendency of extrinsic attribution of the gap between the rich and the poor, we can raise the level of psychological capital of the lower class individuals through psychological capital intervention, including self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. So as to promote the low class individual's tendency of external attribution of the gap between the rich and the poor, it can ultimately help the low class individual, reduce the external attribution and increase the internal attribution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B848.3
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