【摘要】：在重大競(jìng)技比賽過程中,優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員沒有發(fā)揮出應(yīng)有的水平造成失誤而導(dǎo)致比賽失敗的現(xiàn)象屢見不鮮。教練的指導(dǎo)和運(yùn)動(dòng)員的努力反而得到了與期望完全相反的結(jié)果,這就是外部指導(dǎo)表現(xiàn)出的逆效應(yīng)。而在運(yùn)動(dòng)教學(xué)和競(jìng)技比賽中,教師和教練的指導(dǎo)是取得良好教學(xué)效果和運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)的重要因素,因此本文想探討否定的外部指導(dǎo)在高爾夫推桿表現(xiàn)上是否會(huì)出現(xiàn)逆效應(yīng)。此外,人格與學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)、競(jìng)賽表現(xiàn)之間也存在著復(fù)雜的相關(guān)關(guān)系,運(yùn)動(dòng)員某些人格特質(zhì)與運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)之間具有顯著相關(guān)。因此,本文還將探討人格特質(zhì)和被試成績(jī)表現(xiàn)出的逆效應(yīng)是否有關(guān),不同的人格特質(zhì)是否會(huì)影響成績(jī)表現(xiàn)出的逆效應(yīng)。本研究選取武漢體育學(xué)院高爾夫?qū)I(yè)學(xué)生58人,進(jìn)行單因素被試間實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),自變量為外部指導(dǎo)的方式,分為肯定和否定兩個(gè)水平,因變量為被試的推桿成績(jī),即推桿球離球洞的方向、距離和進(jìn)洞率。實(shí)驗(yàn)先測(cè)量不進(jìn)行任何指導(dǎo)時(shí)的十次推桿基線成績(jī),然后把被試隨機(jī)分為兩組,一組接受肯定指導(dǎo),另一組接受否定指導(dǎo),進(jìn)行十次推桿并記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)成績(jī)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,肯定組和否定組在左偏移距離和左不相符率上差異顯著,否定組實(shí)際落球方向的偏移距離及其與否定指導(dǎo)語不相符合的比率都和肯定組具有顯著差異,說明了否定的指導(dǎo)方式會(huì)產(chǎn)生逆效應(yīng)。被試的人格特征和指導(dǎo)方式對(duì)推桿成績(jī)的主效應(yīng)不顯著,但對(duì)左偏移距離進(jìn)行事后多重比較發(fā)現(xiàn),高I型人格和高C型人格、高S型人格和高C型人格之間差異顯著。否定組中高S型和高I型人格的偏移距離更大,不相符率更高。說明高S型人格和高I型人格更容易出現(xiàn)逆效應(yīng)。綜上所述得出結(jié)論:(1)否定的外部指導(dǎo)在高爾夫的推桿表現(xiàn)上會(huì)出現(xiàn)逆效應(yīng);(2)被試的人格特質(zhì)對(duì)推桿表現(xiàn)的逆效應(yīng)有影響,高I型和高S型的個(gè)體更容易產(chǎn)生逆效應(yīng),說明人格因素在一定程度上影響著教學(xué)成績(jī)和運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:In the process of major competitive competition, it is common for outstanding athletes to fail because of failure due to their failure. The coach's instruction and the athlete's effort have the opposite result with the expectation, which is the inverse effect of the external instruction. In sports teaching and competitive competitions, the guidance of teachers and coaches is an important factor to achieve good teaching results and sports performance. Therefore, this paper wants to explore whether the negative external guidance will have adverse effect on the performance of golf putt. In addition, there is a complex correlation between personality and academic achievement, competition performance, and there is a significant correlation between some personality traits and athletic performance. Therefore, this paper will also explore whether personality traits are related to the adverse effects of subjects' achievements, and whether different personality traits will affect the reverse effects of performance. In this study, 58 students majoring in golf in Wuhan Institute of physical Education were selected to carry out the experimental design of single-factor subjects, with independent variables as external guidance, divided into two levels: positive and negative levels, and dependent variables were the putt scores of the subjects. That is, the direction, distance and penetration rate of the putter ball from the hole. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: one group received positive instruction and the other group accepted negative guidance. The experimental results show that there are significant differences between the positive group and the negative group in the left deviation distance and the left mismatch rate, and the deviation distance of the actual drop direction of the negative group and the ratio of disaccord with the negative guide are significantly different from those of the positive group. It shows that negative guidance will produce inverse effect. The main effect of personality characteristics and guiding style on putt performance was not significant, but the multiple comparisons of left deviation distance showed that there were significant differences between high type I personality and high C personality, high S type personality and high C type personality. In the negative group, the deviation distance and mismatch rate of high S and high I personality were larger and higher. It indicated that high S personality and high I personality were more prone to reverse effect. To sum up the conclusions are as follows: (1) the negative external guidance will have the reverse effect on the putt performance of golf; (2) the personality traits of the subjects have an influence on the reverse effect of putt performance, and the individuals with high I and high S type are more likely to have inverse effects, indicating that personality factors affect teaching achievement and sports performance to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B848

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