【摘要】：積極心理學(xué)致力于挖掘和培養(yǎng)人的積極心理品質(zhì),促進(jìn)人們的發(fā)展和幸福。希望作為24種積極心理品質(zhì)之一,對(duì)人們的社會(huì)適應(yīng)和發(fā)展有著非常重要的意義。本研究旨在明確希望的心理結(jié)構(gòu)與運(yùn)作模式,探索希望的影響因素及測(cè)量工具,為提升大學(xué)生希望水平提供理論指導(dǎo)和方法啟示�；谖墨I(xiàn)理論分析,希望表現(xiàn)為特質(zhì)和狀態(tài)兩個(gè)層次,希望特質(zhì)是個(gè)體一種穩(wěn)定、內(nèi)隱、持久的心理品質(zhì)和情感特質(zhì),是希望的靜態(tài)表現(xiàn)形式;狀態(tài)性希望是個(gè)體受具體情境影響后產(chǎn)生的一種即時(shí)、外顯、波動(dòng)的主觀情緒體驗(yàn),是希望的動(dòng)態(tài)表現(xiàn)形式。高希望特質(zhì)個(gè)體在具體情境中容易體驗(yàn)到狀態(tài)性希望。狀態(tài)性希望在個(gè)體身上經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、漸趨穩(wěn)定、并鑲嵌到個(gè)體的心理品質(zhì)中時(shí),就形成希望特質(zhì)。另一方面,希望又是個(gè)體對(duì)具體情境事件的目標(biāo)、動(dòng)力和途徑的認(rèn)知評(píng)價(jià)。個(gè)體對(duì)事件目標(biāo)的認(rèn)知、實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)途徑的判斷、達(dá)成目標(biāo)動(dòng)力的意愿綜合成希望認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)變量:目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向-利益認(rèn)知評(píng)價(jià),它是影響狀態(tài)性希望發(fā)生變化的基本條件。本研究基于希望的認(rèn)知評(píng)價(jià)理論和情緒情感理論,按照"理論建構(gòu)—現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查—機(jī)理分析—干預(yù)實(shí)踐"的研究路線,從"特質(zhì)和狀態(tài)"、"靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)"等不同視角出發(fā),綜合文獻(xiàn)分析、問卷調(diào)查、情境實(shí)驗(yàn)、重評(píng)干預(yù),團(tuán)體輔導(dǎo)和個(gè)案咨詢等方法,建構(gòu)了希望的心理結(jié)構(gòu)模型與運(yùn)作模式,編制希望特質(zhì)與狀態(tài)性希望測(cè)量問卷,調(diào)查大學(xué)生希望特質(zhì)現(xiàn)狀,揭示狀態(tài)性希望的發(fā)生條件和變化機(jī)制,探索影響狀態(tài)性希望的各種因素,研究提升大學(xué)生希望水平的團(tuán)體心理輔導(dǎo)和個(gè)案咨詢方法,研究?jī)?nèi)容及主要結(jié)論如下:(1)建構(gòu)大學(xué)生希望特質(zhì)心理結(jié)構(gòu)模型,編制《大學(xué)生希望特質(zhì)測(cè)評(píng)問卷》并調(diào)查研究大學(xué)生希望特質(zhì)現(xiàn)狀及在人口學(xué)變量上的差異性。明確大學(xué)生希望特質(zhì)主要存在于他們關(guān)注的社交友誼、課程學(xué)習(xí)、職業(yè)發(fā)展、情感生活,家庭氛圍,休閑娛樂等生活領(lǐng)域,通過(guò)大學(xué)生對(duì)生活領(lǐng)域事件情境中目標(biāo)、動(dòng)力和途徑的認(rèn)知評(píng)價(jià)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。大學(xué)生希望特質(zhì)處于中等偏上水平,在不同生活領(lǐng)域中的發(fā)展存在不均衡性,在人口學(xué)變量上存在顯著的結(jié)構(gòu)性差異和交互作用影響。(2)建構(gòu)大學(xué)生狀態(tài)性希望心理結(jié)構(gòu)模型,編制《狀態(tài)性希望測(cè)評(píng)問卷》并開展?fàn)顟B(tài)性希望發(fā)生性實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,探索目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向-利益認(rèn)知評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)被試狀態(tài)性希望的發(fā)生性影響;設(shè)計(jì)認(rèn)知重評(píng)實(shí)驗(yàn)改變被試目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向-利益認(rèn)知評(píng)價(jià)研究狀態(tài)性希望的變化機(jī)制;在實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中研究了諸如血壓、心率、體溫等客觀生理指標(biāo)與狀態(tài)性希望之間的關(guān)系。明確個(gè)體針對(duì)事件情境的目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向-利益認(rèn)知評(píng)價(jià)是狀態(tài)性希望發(fā)生的基本條件;通過(guò)認(rèn)知重評(píng)改變被試的目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向-利益認(rèn)知評(píng)價(jià)進(jìn)而改變其狀態(tài)性希望。血壓、心率、體溫等生理參數(shù)反應(yīng)了狀態(tài)性希望的變化狀況,是評(píng)估個(gè)體狀態(tài)性希望的客觀變量。(3)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究個(gè)體希望特質(zhì)與環(huán)境氛圍對(duì)狀態(tài)性希望的影響。明確希望特質(zhì)是影響個(gè)體狀態(tài)性希望的內(nèi)在因素,環(huán)境氛圍是影響個(gè)體狀態(tài)性希望的外部因素。(4)通過(guò)團(tuán)體心理輔導(dǎo)和臨床個(gè)案咨詢研究,探索希望團(tuán)體心理輔導(dǎo)和臨床個(gè)案咨詢方法提升希望特質(zhì)的作用和效果。研究證明通過(guò)灌輸希望、確立目標(biāo)、改善路徑思維、加強(qiáng)動(dòng)力意識(shí),能夠增強(qiáng)大學(xué)生狀態(tài)性希望,提升大學(xué)生希望特質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:Positive psychology is devoted to digging and cultivating positive mental quality of people and promoting people's development and happiness. Hope as one of 24 positive mental qualities, it is very important to people's social adaptation and development. The purpose of this study is to define the desired psychological structure and operation model, explore the influence factors and measuring tools, and provide theoretical guidance and method for the improvement of college students' hope. Based on the literature theory analysis, it is hoped that the characteristics are two levels of character and state, and the hope is that the individual is a stable, implicit, lasting psychological quality and emotion characteristic, which is the static manifestation of hope; the status hope is a kind of instant and real time generated after the individual is affected by the specific situation. The subjective emotional experience of the fluctuation is the dynamic manifestation of hope. High-hope traits can easily experience state-of-the-art in a specific context. The status quo is expected to occur frequently and steadily on the individual, and is embedded into the mental quality of the individual, thus forming the desired characteristics. On the other hand, it is hoped that the individual's cognitive evaluation of the target, motivation and approach of specific context events. The individual's cognition to the target of the event, the judgment of the target approach, and the willingness to reach the target power are integrated into the hope that the cognitive system variable is the target-oriented-benefit cognition evaluation, which is the basic condition that influences the change of the state-based desire. Based on the theory of cognitive evaluation and the theory of emotional emotion, this paper analyzes the research route of the intervention practice based on the theory of the theory and the current situation of the theory of emotion, analyzes the characteristics and status, static and dynamic and so on from different perspectives, such as comprehensive literature analysis, questionnaire survey, situation experiment, re-evaluation intervention, group counseling and case consultation, etc. The author constructs the desired psychological structure model and operation mode, prepares the hope characteristic and the state desire measurement questionnaire, investigates the current situation of the university student's hope, reveals the occurrence condition and the change mechanism of the state desire, and explores various factors which influence the state desire. The research contents and main conclusions are as follows: (1) To construct a psychological structure model of college students' hopes; To develop a questionnaire for college students' hope traits, and to investigate the differences in the characteristics and demographic variables of college students. It is clear that the characteristics of college students mainly exist in the fields of social friendship, curriculum learning, career development, emotional life, family atmosphere, leisure and entertainment and so on. College students hope that the traits are at medium-level, there is imbalance in the development of different living areas, and there are significant structural differences and interaction effects on demographic variables. (2) To construct a psychological structure model of college students' status, prepare a questionnaire on the status expectation and carry out the research on the status hope, explore the influence of target-oriented-benefit cognition evaluation on the occurrence of the tested status hope; The relationship between objective physiological indexes such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and status hope was studied in the course of experiment. It is clear that individual target-oriented-benefit cognition evaluation for event context is the basic condition of status hope, and the target-oriented-benefit cognition evaluation is changed by cognitive reevaluation to change its status hope. The physiological parameters, such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and other physiological parameters, are the objective variables to evaluate the individual's status. (3) The influence of the individual hope and the environmental atmosphere on the status hope is studied in the experiment. It is clearly hoped that the trait is the intrinsic factor that affects the individual's status, and the environmental atmosphere is the external factor that affects the individual's status. (4) Through group psychological counseling and clinical case counseling, this paper explores the role and effect of group psychological counseling and clinical case counseling. The research proves that by instilling hope, establishing the goal, improving the path thinking and strengthening the power consciousness, it can enhance the college students' status hope and improve the college students' hope.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842
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本文編號(hào)：2271716