【摘要】：注意會(huì)偏向與工作記憶內(nèi)容匹配的刺激,但研究者們在基于工作記憶的注意捕獲這種自動(dòng)引導(dǎo)的問題上仍存在爭議,原因有很多,一方面沒有完全排除被試對分心物本身特征屬性以及任務(wù)水平上的注意偏向;另一方面是工作記憶內(nèi)容的類別沒有劃分的特別清晰,導(dǎo)致研究者們對比參照不一致。本研究則通過對前人文獻(xiàn)的綜述,澄清工作記憶的表征類型,旨在同一種反應(yīng)競爭范式中直接檢驗(yàn)并比較工作記憶的表征類型對注意捕獲效應(yīng)的影響,進(jìn)一步揭示選擇性注意的機(jī)制。包括兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn):實(shí)驗(yàn)1,要求被試完成一個(gè)視覺搜索任務(wù),證明高知覺負(fù)載條件下的分心物不會(huì)得到注意的假設(shè),為實(shí)驗(yàn)2提供可能;實(shí)驗(yàn)2,一共有三組被試,分別完成知覺、直接語義和間接語義這三種工作記憶任務(wù),并在保持工作記憶的期間再執(zhí)行一個(gè)視覺搜索任務(wù),其中的分心物與工作記憶匹配或者不匹配,這兩種條件下的反應(yīng)時(shí)差異即為注意捕獲的大小。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),工作記憶的間接語義表征同樣可以自動(dòng)引起注意捕獲,但是注意捕獲效應(yīng)要顯著小于知覺表征條件和直接語義表征條件下產(chǎn)生的注意捕獲效應(yīng),然而,知覺表征和直接語義表征對注意的引導(dǎo)能力差異不顯著。結(jié)論如下,即使沒有任何特征屬性或任務(wù)水平的干擾變量使注意偏向分心物,但只要它與工作記憶匹配,就足以引起注意捕獲效應(yīng),并且這種捕獲效應(yīng)的大小受工作記憶表征類型的調(diào)節(jié)。
[Abstract]:Attention tends to be biased toward stimulation that matches the content of working memory, but researchers are still debating the question of capturing automatic guidance based on working memory, for a number of reasons. On the one hand, the participants were not completely excluded from the distractor's own characteristic attributes and attention bias at the task level; on the other hand, the categories of working memory content were not clearly classified, which caused the researchers to compare and reference inconsistency. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the effects of working memory representation types on attention-capture effects in the same reaction competition paradigm. The mechanism of selective attention is further revealed. Two experiments were included: experiment 1, which required the subjects to complete a visual search task, proving the assumption that distractions under high perceptual load would not get attention, which provided the possibility for experiment 2; in experiment 2, there were three groups of subjects who completed perception, respectively. Direct and indirect semantics are three types of working memory tasks, and a visual search task is performed while working memory is maintained, in which the distractions match or mismatch the working memory. The difference in reaction time between these two conditions is the size of the attention capture. The results show that the indirect semantic representation of working memory can also automatically attract attention capture, but the effect of attention capture is significantly smaller than that of perceptual representation and direct semantic representation. There is no significant difference between perceptual representation and direct semantic representation in guiding attention. The results are as follows: even if there is no characteristic attribute or task-level disturbance variable to bias attention toward distractors, it is sufficient to induce attention capture as long as it matches working memory. And the size of the capture effect is regulated by the type of working memory representation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

1 翟冬雪;魯雅喬;魯忠義;;兒童道德概念垂直空間隱喻的認(rèn)知發(fā)展[J];心理科學(xué);2016年05期

2 趙贊;;探究情緒對注意的影響[J];赤子(中旬);2013年10期

3 張豹;黃賽;祁祿;;工作記憶表征引導(dǎo)視覺注意選擇的眼動(dòng)研究[J];心理學(xué)報(bào);2013年02期

4 潘毅;許百華;金紅軍;劉偉;;視覺工作記憶對注意選擇的自動(dòng)導(dǎo)向作用[J];心理科學(xué);2010年01期

5 儲(chǔ)衡清,周曉林;注意捕獲與自上而下的加工過程[J];心理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2004年05期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 潘毅;基于工作記憶內(nèi)容的視覺注意捕獲及其自動(dòng)性研究[D];浙江大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：2265739