孤獨(dú)感個(gè)體對(duì)社交拒絕性信息的注意偏向
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-10 12:58
【摘要】：孤獨(dú)感是由于個(gè)體期待與實(shí)際獲得的社交關(guān)系之間的差異所引起的不良體驗(yàn),它普遍存在于現(xiàn)代人群中,并且影響個(gè)體的心理健康。孤獨(dú)感與社會(huì)認(rèn)知聯(lián)系緊密,國(guó)外在社會(huì)認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域?qū)陋?dú)感個(gè)體的情緒、信息加上策略及注意機(jī)制等進(jìn)行了討論,但已有的研究在其注意加工機(jī)制上還存在爭(zhēng)議。注意偏向是指?jìng)�(gè)體對(duì)環(huán)境中某些特定的刺激所產(chǎn)生的選擇性的注意,有研究者認(rèn)為孤獨(dú)感個(gè)體在區(qū)分情緒性面孔的成績(jī)上沒有顯著差異,對(duì)情緒性刺激不產(chǎn)生注意偏向,也有研究者指出,孤獨(dú)感個(gè)體在注視負(fù)性社交圖片時(shí)會(huì)激活與視覺相關(guān)的皮層,但對(duì)其注意偏向的具體成分并未做進(jìn)一步區(qū)分。本研究從社會(huì)認(rèn)知角度入手,主要關(guān)注孤獨(dú)感個(gè)體是否對(duì)社交拒絕性刺激產(chǎn)生注意偏向,并試圖區(qū)分其注意偏向的具體成分,為孤獨(dú)感的研究提供啟發(fā)與建議。本研究重點(diǎn)討論以下兩個(gè)問題：一是孤獨(dú)感被試與控制組被試是否對(duì)社交評(píng)價(jià)性信息(拒絕性或接納性面孔)存在不同的注意偏向?二是如果兩組被試對(duì)社交評(píng)價(jià)信息分別表現(xiàn)出不同的注意偏向,那么其具體的機(jī)制是什么?能否進(jìn)一步區(qū)分其具體成分?研究嘗試采用兩個(gè)遞進(jìn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)范式來考察不同組別的被試會(huì)否對(duì)拒絕性或接納性信息產(chǎn)生注意偏向。研究采用情緒性表情圖片來表征社會(huì)評(píng)價(jià)刺激,實(shí)驗(yàn)一主要通過情緒Stroop范式,初步考察不同組別被試對(duì)社交情緒性刺激的注意偏向差異,結(jié)果顯示,孤獨(dú)感水平與情緒面孔的交互作用顯著。具體而言,高孤獨(dú)感個(gè)體對(duì)社交拒絕性刺激存在顯著的注意偏向,而控制組對(duì)接納性信息有顯著的注意偏向。實(shí)驗(yàn)二主要通過添加中性圖片對(duì)的點(diǎn)探測(cè)范式來討論不同孤獨(dú)感個(gè)體的注意偏向差異,通過判斷探測(cè)點(diǎn)與情緒面孔是否一致以及該實(shí)驗(yàn)同中性情緒面孔實(shí)驗(yàn)之間的反應(yīng)時(shí)差異,以討論兩組被試注意偏向的成分。具體而言,當(dāng)一致性實(shí)驗(yàn)的反應(yīng)時(shí)小于中性實(shí)驗(yàn)反應(yīng)時(shí),其注意成分可能為注意警覺,而不一致實(shí)驗(yàn)反應(yīng)時(shí)大于中性實(shí)驗(yàn),可考慮存在的注意脫離困難成分。實(shí)驗(yàn)二的結(jié)果再一次驗(yàn)證了情緒Stroop的結(jié)果,同時(shí)還進(jìn)一步區(qū)分出注意偏向的不同成分。孤獨(dú)感被試對(duì)社交拒絕性信息的注意偏向得分顯著高于控制組,說明孤獨(dú)感被試對(duì)社交拒絕性刺激有顯著的注意偏向,其成分主要為注意脫離困難�？刂平M被試在社交接納性信息的注意偏向得分上顯著高于孤獨(dú)感被試組,控制組被試對(duì)接納性信息有顯著注意偏向,其具體成分是注意脫離困難。本研究通過不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)范式驗(yàn)證了孤獨(dú)感個(gè)體對(duì)社交拒絕性刺激存在注意偏向,并且當(dāng)孤獨(dú)感個(gè)體將注意力集中于社交拒絕刺激時(shí)很難從該類刺激轉(zhuǎn)移,出現(xiàn)了注意脫離困難現(xiàn)象。研究結(jié)果可以為孤獨(dú)感個(gè)體的注意力訓(xùn)練提供實(shí)證依據(jù),同時(shí)也可以為高校心理健康教育提供一定的建議。
[Abstract]:Loneliness is a bad experience caused by the difference between individual expectation and actual social relationship. It exists in modern people and affects the individual's mental health. Loneliness is closely related to social cognition. In the field of social cognition, the emotion, information plus strategy and attention mechanism of individual loneliness are discussed in foreign countries. Attention bias refers to the selective attention of individuals to certain specific stimuli in the environment. Some researchers believe that there is no significant difference in the performance of individuals in distinguishing emotional faces, and that there is no attention bias towards emotional stimuli. Some researchers also point out that lonely individuals activate the visual cortex when looking at negative social images, but do not make any further distinction between the specific components of their attention bias. From the perspective of social cognition, this study focuses on whether the individual of loneliness produces attention bias to the social rejection stimulus, and tries to distinguish the specific components of the attention bias, and provides inspiration and advice for the study of loneliness. This study focuses on the following two questions: first, do the autistic subjects and the control group have different attention bias to social evaluative information (rejection or receptive faces)? Second, if the two groups of subjects show different attention bias to the social evaluation information, then what is the specific mechanism? Can the specific components be further distinguished? The study attempts to use two progressive experimental paradigms to determine whether participants in different groups tend to have attentional bias towards rejection or acceptance information. The study uses emotive expression pictures to represent social evaluation stimuli. Experiment 1, by using emotional Stroop paradigm, preliminarily investigates the differences in attention bias of different groups of subjects to social emotional stimuli, and the results show that, The interaction between loneliness level and emotional faces was significant. In particular, the individuals with high loneliness had significant attention bias to social rejection stimuli, while the control group had significant attention bias to receptive information. In experiment two, the difference of attention bias of individuals with different loneliness was discussed by adding the point detection paradigm of neutral image pair, and the difference of reaction time between the detection point and the emotional face and the reaction time between the experiment and the neutral emotional face experiment was determined by determining whether the detection point was consistent with the emotional face. To discuss the components of attention bias in both groups. In particular, when the reaction time of consistency experiment is smaller than that of neutral experiment, the attention component may be attention alert, but the reaction time of inconsistent experiment is larger than that of neutral experiment. The results of experiment two confirmed the results of emotional Stroop once again, and further distinguished the different components of attention bias. The score of attention bias to social rejection information of autistic subjects was significantly higher than that of control group, which indicated that lonely subjects had significant attention bias to social rejection stimuli, and the main component was difficulty of attention separation. The score of attention bias of the control group was significantly higher than that of the autistic group. The control group had a significant attention bias to the acceptance information, and the specific component of the control group was to get rid of the difficulty of attention. In this study, different experimental paradigms were used to verify that lonely individuals had an attentional bias towards social rejection stimuli, and it was difficult to shift their attention from social rejection stimuli when individuals focused their attention on social rejection stimuli. There is a phenomenon of attention getting out of difficulty. The results can provide empirical evidence for the attention training of lonely individuals as well as some suggestions for the mental health education in colleges and universities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：B842
本文編號(hào)：2261858
[Abstract]:Loneliness is a bad experience caused by the difference between individual expectation and actual social relationship. It exists in modern people and affects the individual's mental health. Loneliness is closely related to social cognition. In the field of social cognition, the emotion, information plus strategy and attention mechanism of individual loneliness are discussed in foreign countries. Attention bias refers to the selective attention of individuals to certain specific stimuli in the environment. Some researchers believe that there is no significant difference in the performance of individuals in distinguishing emotional faces, and that there is no attention bias towards emotional stimuli. Some researchers also point out that lonely individuals activate the visual cortex when looking at negative social images, but do not make any further distinction between the specific components of their attention bias. From the perspective of social cognition, this study focuses on whether the individual of loneliness produces attention bias to the social rejection stimulus, and tries to distinguish the specific components of the attention bias, and provides inspiration and advice for the study of loneliness. This study focuses on the following two questions: first, do the autistic subjects and the control group have different attention bias to social evaluative information (rejection or receptive faces)? Second, if the two groups of subjects show different attention bias to the social evaluation information, then what is the specific mechanism? Can the specific components be further distinguished? The study attempts to use two progressive experimental paradigms to determine whether participants in different groups tend to have attentional bias towards rejection or acceptance information. The study uses emotive expression pictures to represent social evaluation stimuli. Experiment 1, by using emotional Stroop paradigm, preliminarily investigates the differences in attention bias of different groups of subjects to social emotional stimuli, and the results show that, The interaction between loneliness level and emotional faces was significant. In particular, the individuals with high loneliness had significant attention bias to social rejection stimuli, while the control group had significant attention bias to receptive information. In experiment two, the difference of attention bias of individuals with different loneliness was discussed by adding the point detection paradigm of neutral image pair, and the difference of reaction time between the detection point and the emotional face and the reaction time between the experiment and the neutral emotional face experiment was determined by determining whether the detection point was consistent with the emotional face. To discuss the components of attention bias in both groups. In particular, when the reaction time of consistency experiment is smaller than that of neutral experiment, the attention component may be attention alert, but the reaction time of inconsistent experiment is larger than that of neutral experiment. The results of experiment two confirmed the results of emotional Stroop once again, and further distinguished the different components of attention bias. The score of attention bias to social rejection information of autistic subjects was significantly higher than that of control group, which indicated that lonely subjects had significant attention bias to social rejection stimuli, and the main component was difficulty of attention separation. The score of attention bias of the control group was significantly higher than that of the autistic group. The control group had a significant attention bias to the acceptance information, and the specific component of the control group was to get rid of the difficulty of attention. In this study, different experimental paradigms were used to verify that lonely individuals had an attentional bias towards social rejection stimuli, and it was difficult to shift their attention from social rejection stimuli when individuals focused their attention on social rejection stimuli. There is a phenomenon of attention getting out of difficulty. The results can provide empirical evidence for the attention training of lonely individuals as well as some suggestions for the mental health education in colleges and universities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：B842
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