語義范疇與加工水平對記憶刷新的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-18 18:14
【摘要】：記憶刷新現(xiàn)象由Bjork(1978)發(fā)現(xiàn)，是指調(diào)整當(dāng)前記憶中圖式的表征狀態(tài)以適應(yīng)新信息的輸入(MorrisJones,1990)。Bjork指出，當(dāng)記憶刷新失敗時，無關(guān)記憶與相關(guān)記憶的競爭趨勢非常明顯。Bjork提出的記憶刷新現(xiàn)象得到了大量心理學(xué)研究的支持。近期的fMRI研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使新記憶的檢索是成功的，舊記憶和新記憶同時被激活；舊記憶的神經(jīng)激活強烈與新記憶較低的檢索準(zhǔn)確率相聯(lián)系；記憶刷新成功則是因為新記憶的所在范疇的活動比舊記憶所在范疇的活動更為強烈。但是，目前為止，有關(guān)范疇對記憶刷新是否存在影響并不清楚，舊記憶在記憶刷新中的具體作用仍在探討中，刷新能否通過增強新記憶的加工水平而克服競爭還在探索階段。 本研究基于前人的理論觀點，在配對聯(lián)想學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)下，使用面孔、社會場景和自然場景以及詞匯合成的實驗材料，以大學(xué)生為研究對象，通過三個實驗來考察語義范疇和加工水平對記憶刷新的影響。實驗一采用單因素被試內(nèi)設(shè)計，共2個水平，在范疇間變換條件下，探討記憶刷新是否獨立于刺激范疇。實驗二也采用單因素被試內(nèi)設(shè)計，共6個水平，但因其中兩個水平新舊記憶的范疇相同，其數(shù)據(jù)不進(jìn)行分析。在類別間變換下，探討記憶刷新是否獨立于場景類別；同時，結(jié)合類別的重復(fù)條件，探討了自然場景和社會場景在記憶上是否存在差異。實驗三采用混合實驗設(shè)計，將加工水平做為組間變量，考察不同加工水平的范疇對記憶刷新的影響。 總結(jié)三個實驗，，可以得到如下結(jié)論：(1)面孔和社會場景的記憶刷新中，與社會場景相比，面孔并不是特殊的，在預(yù)學(xué)習(xí)階段和學(xué)習(xí)階段之后，對學(xué)習(xí)階段材料進(jìn)行以范疇為整體的回憶，在記憶刷新中，面孔-社會場景和社會場景-面孔的影響程度是一樣的，記憶刷新獨立于刺激范疇。(2)自然場景和社會場景的記憶刷新，并不存在因為注意系統(tǒng)中對眼睛的特殊注意偏向以及對人類材料記憶的特殊性而使記憶系統(tǒng)中也產(chǎn)生對社會場景的特殊的記憶偏向，記憶刷新獨立于場景類別。(3)舊記憶的加工水平并不影響記憶刷新程度，新記憶的加工水平?jīng)Q定了記憶刷新程度。對新記憶的多次強化加工可以克服與舊記憶的競爭從而使記憶成功刷新。本研究的意義在于對面孔、自然場景和社會場景對記憶刷新影響的探討，能夠?qū)σ延醒芯恐械陌l(fā)現(xiàn)起到補充作用，并且通過對不同加工水平的區(qū)分，能夠更加清晰地了解記憶刷新受到舊記憶和新記憶的加工水平的影響，為克服記憶刷新的失敗提供一定的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The memory refresh phenomenon discovered by Bjork (1978) refers to adjusting the representation state of the schema in the current memory to fit the input of new information (MorrisJones,1990. Bjork). Bjork points out that when the memory refresh fails, The competitive trend between independent memory and related memory is very obvious. Bjork's memory refresh phenomenon is supported by a large number of psychological studies. Recent fMRI studies have found that even if the retrieval of new memory is successful, old memory and new memory are activated at the same time, and the neural activation of old memory is strongly associated with the low retrieval accuracy of new memory. Memory refresh is successful because the activity of the category in which the new memory is located is stronger than the activity of the category in which the old memory belongs. However, so far, it is not clear whether the category has influence on the memory refresh, and the role of the old memory in the memory refresh is still under discussion, and whether the refresh can overcome the competition by enhancing the processing level of the new memory is still in the exploration stage. Based on the previous theories, this study uses the experimental materials of face, social scene, natural scene and lexical synthesis under the paired associative learning task, and takes college students as the research objects. The effects of semantic category and processing level on memory refresh were investigated through three experiments. In experiment 1, two levels of single factor design were used to explore whether memory refresh was independent of stimulus category under the condition of inter-category transformation. The second experiment was also designed with a single factor in 6 levels, but two of them had the same category of new and old memory, so the data were not analyzed. Under the transformation of different categories, this paper discusses whether memory refresh is independent of scene category, and discusses whether there are differences in memory between natural scene and social scene in combination with the repetition condition of category. In experiment 3, the effect of different processing level on memory refresh was investigated by using mixed experimental design and taking processing level as intergroup variable. After summarizing the three experiments, we can draw the following conclusions: (1) in the memory refresh of the face and social scene, the face is not special compared with the social scene, after the pre-learning stage and the learning stage, In the memory refresh, the influence of face-social scene and social scene-face is the same. Memory refresh is independent of stimulus category. (2) memory refresh of natural scene and social scene, There is no special memory bias in the memory system for social scenes because of the special attention bias to the eyes in the attention system and the particularity of the human material memory. Memory refresh is independent of scene category. (3) the processing level of old memory does not affect the degree of memory refresh, and the processing level of new memory determines the degree of memory refresh. The repeated reinforcement of new memory can overcome the competition with the old memory and make the memory refresh successfully. The significance of this study is to explore the effects of faces, natural scenes and social scenes on memory refresh, which can complement the findings of previous studies and distinguish different processing levels. It can more clearly understand that memory refresh is affected by the processing level of old memory and new memory, which provides some basis for overcoming the failure of memory refresh.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842
本文編號：2248715
[Abstract]:The memory refresh phenomenon discovered by Bjork (1978) refers to adjusting the representation state of the schema in the current memory to fit the input of new information (MorrisJones,1990. Bjork). Bjork points out that when the memory refresh fails, The competitive trend between independent memory and related memory is very obvious. Bjork's memory refresh phenomenon is supported by a large number of psychological studies. Recent fMRI studies have found that even if the retrieval of new memory is successful, old memory and new memory are activated at the same time, and the neural activation of old memory is strongly associated with the low retrieval accuracy of new memory. Memory refresh is successful because the activity of the category in which the new memory is located is stronger than the activity of the category in which the old memory belongs. However, so far, it is not clear whether the category has influence on the memory refresh, and the role of the old memory in the memory refresh is still under discussion, and whether the refresh can overcome the competition by enhancing the processing level of the new memory is still in the exploration stage. Based on the previous theories, this study uses the experimental materials of face, social scene, natural scene and lexical synthesis under the paired associative learning task, and takes college students as the research objects. The effects of semantic category and processing level on memory refresh were investigated through three experiments. In experiment 1, two levels of single factor design were used to explore whether memory refresh was independent of stimulus category under the condition of inter-category transformation. The second experiment was also designed with a single factor in 6 levels, but two of them had the same category of new and old memory, so the data were not analyzed. Under the transformation of different categories, this paper discusses whether memory refresh is independent of scene category, and discusses whether there are differences in memory between natural scene and social scene in combination with the repetition condition of category. In experiment 3, the effect of different processing level on memory refresh was investigated by using mixed experimental design and taking processing level as intergroup variable. After summarizing the three experiments, we can draw the following conclusions: (1) in the memory refresh of the face and social scene, the face is not special compared with the social scene, after the pre-learning stage and the learning stage, In the memory refresh, the influence of face-social scene and social scene-face is the same. Memory refresh is independent of stimulus category. (2) memory refresh of natural scene and social scene, There is no special memory bias in the memory system for social scenes because of the special attention bias to the eyes in the attention system and the particularity of the human material memory. Memory refresh is independent of scene category. (3) the processing level of old memory does not affect the degree of memory refresh, and the processing level of new memory determines the degree of memory refresh. The repeated reinforcement of new memory can overcome the competition with the old memory and make the memory refresh successfully. The significance of this study is to explore the effects of faces, natural scenes and social scenes on memory refresh, which can complement the findings of previous studies and distinguish different processing levels. It can more clearly understand that memory refresh is affected by the processing level of old memory and new memory, which provides some basis for overcoming the failure of memory refresh.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842
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