【摘要】：本研究選用工作記憶的變化覺察范式,以黑色箭頭為實驗材料,選取客體型與空間型大學生為研究對象,探討不同認知方式個體對方向相似性不同客體的工作記憶表征的行為和腦機制上的差異。共包含3個實驗:實驗一采用整體變化覺察范式,探討隨著時間的推移,客體型與空間型個體對方向相似性客體的存儲的不同,以及相似性積極效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生機制和相似性隨時間變化的趨勢。實驗二采用三選一的再認范式,探討編碼階段的相似性和提取階段的相似性共同對不同認知方式個體視覺工作記憶表征的影響。實驗三采用ERP慢波考察在工作記憶中加工不同相似性的空間信息時,不同認知方式個體在前額區(qū)的激活強度是否存在差異,以及這種差異與相似性存在怎樣的關(guān)系。概括來說,本研究得到了以下結(jié)論。(1)在保持時間較短時,空間型個體對方向不相似任務(wù)的記憶表征好于客體型個體,而兩類個體對方向相似任務(wù)的表征無差異;在保持時間較長時,空間型個體對方向相似和不相似任務(wù)的表征均好于客體型個體。(2)當提取方向相似任務(wù)時,客體型個體對編碼階段方向不相似任務(wù)的表征好于相似任務(wù),而空間型個體對編碼階段方向相似與不相似任務(wù)的表征無差異。(3)不同認知方式個體對方向相似性不同客體的工作記憶表征的腦機制不同,在保持階段,客體型個體對方向不相似任務(wù)在前額區(qū)的激活強度高于相似任務(wù),而空間型個體對方向相似性不同任務(wù)的激活強度無差異。
[Abstract]:In this study, the change perception paradigm of working memory was chosen, the black arrowhead was used as the experimental material, and the object type and space type college students were chosen as the research objects. To explore the differences in behavior and brain mechanism of working memory representations of individuals with different cognitive styles towards different objects. There are three experiments: experiment 1 uses the paradigm of global change awareness to explore the difference between object type and spatial type individuals in the storage of similar objects over time. And the generation mechanism of positive effect of similarity and the trend of similarity changing with time. In experiment 2, the effects of similarity in coding stage and similarity in extraction stage on visual working memory representation of individuals with different cognitive styles were studied by using the recognition paradigm of three choices and one choice. In experiment 3, ERP slow wave was used to investigate whether the activation intensity of individuals in different cognitive styles in the prefrontal region was different when processing spatial information of different similarity in working memory, and how the difference was related to similarity. In summary, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) when the retention time is relatively short, the memory representation of spatial individuals toward dissimilar tasks is better than that of guest type individuals, but there is no difference between the two groups of individuals in the representation of opposite direction similar tasks; When the retention time is longer, the representation of the orientation similarity and dissimilar tasks of spatial individuals is better than that of guest type individuals. (2) when extracting direction similar tasks, guest individuals can represent different direction dissimilar tasks in coding stage better than similar tasks. However, there is no difference in the representation of direction similarity and dissimilar tasks in coding stages among spatial individuals. (3) the working memory representations of individuals with different cognitive styles towards different objects have different brain mechanisms, which are in the maintenance stage. The activation intensity of the dissimilar tasks in the prefrontal region was higher than that in the spatial individuals, but there was no difference among the spatial individuals.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3

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