發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-06 14:14

【摘要】：近年來(lái),西方哲學(xué)界興起的實(shí)驗(yàn)哲學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)常常被視為一場(chǎng)方法論的革命。她開(kāi)創(chuàng)性地融合了實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)、認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)、進(jìn)化論、實(shí)驗(yàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等多學(xué)科的研究成果與研究方法,企圖以此為古老的哲學(xué)問(wèn)題研究帶來(lái)新的力量。實(shí)驗(yàn)哲學(xué)雖然受到主流哲學(xué)的批判,但是從她發(fā)展的迅猛之勢(shì)可知曉其強(qiáng)大的生命力與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 理論心理學(xué)一直伴隨著心理科學(xué)的成長(zhǎng)與發(fā)展,但是作為一門(mén)獨(dú)立的分支學(xué)科還是始于二十世紀(jì)六十年代末期,在經(jīng)歷了庫(kù)克,‘羅伊斯等學(xué)者對(duì)理論心理學(xué)學(xué)科地位合理性的爭(zhēng)取后,直到八九十年代理論心理學(xué)才進(jìn)入到了一個(gè)“理論研究熱潮”時(shí)期。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以后,理論心理學(xué)的研究目光更多鎖定在了研究方法的批判和反思,研究宗旨在于“重建科學(xué)方法論基礎(chǔ),為心理學(xué)研究提供新的視角和途徑”(葉浩生,2002)。雖然獲得了不少理論研究成果,但在發(fā)展之余仍然面臨著困境與危機(jī)。有些學(xué)者對(duì)理論心理學(xué)持有“退回哲學(xué)心理學(xué)思辨舊路”的擔(dān)憂(yōu),并質(zhì)疑理論心理學(xué)能否產(chǎn)生實(shí)質(zhì)性的研究成果。為了提升理論在心理科學(xué)中的研究地位,心理學(xué)理論工作者們必須探尋出一條兼具合理性與創(chuàng)新性的理論發(fā)展道路。 縱觀(guān)當(dāng)前的科學(xué)發(fā)展,正顯現(xiàn)出一種跨學(xué)科的綜合發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)。同時(shí),彼岸的實(shí)驗(yàn)哲學(xué)也正在通過(guò)運(yùn)用心理學(xué)、認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)的研究成果與手段求得傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)爭(zhēng)議的新解,許多研究結(jié)果都令哲學(xué)理論爭(zhēng)議煥發(fā)生機(jī)。作為心理學(xué)臨近學(xué)科的哲學(xué)正試圖走出一條更具科學(xué)性的研究道路,那么理論心理學(xué)如何從其崛起中獲得科學(xué)創(chuàng)新將是本文論述的重點(diǎn),也研究意義之所在。 本文以當(dāng)前國(guó)外實(shí)驗(yàn)哲學(xué)興起的現(xiàn)狀探討為主線(xiàn),以史論結(jié)合、文理結(jié)合、宏觀(guān)問(wèn)題梳理與微觀(guān)問(wèn)題分析相結(jié)合的方式,運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)分析和理論評(píng)述相結(jié)合的辦法,圍繞新千年以后分析哲學(xué)內(nèi)部的哲學(xué)方法反叛現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行整理分析,并以此為基礎(chǔ)考察哲學(xué)與科學(xué)的融合能夠給心理學(xué)尤其是理論心理學(xué)帶來(lái)何種理論發(fā)展上的啟示與借鑒。由實(shí)驗(yàn)哲學(xué)的崛起透視理論心理學(xué)的科學(xué)創(chuàng)新。本文的行文框架主要由兩部分組成：首先,對(duì)分析哲學(xué)內(nèi)部的實(shí)驗(yàn)哲學(xué)新支流進(jìn)行介紹和梳理,總結(jié)歸納其興起的歷史背景、原因、主要研究方法以及具有創(chuàng)新性的研究成果；其次,從其崛起的諸多歷史背景、現(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)展和爭(zhēng)論熱點(diǎn)透視理論心理學(xué)如何運(yùn)用科學(xué)的、客觀(guān)的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)理論的創(chuàng)新與突破。這一部分將從實(shí)體理論和元理論兩個(gè)切入點(diǎn)展開(kāi)論述,并有針對(duì)性的對(duì)理論心理學(xué)科學(xué)創(chuàng)新的合理路徑加以說(shuō)明。 “科學(xué)”是各學(xué)科發(fā)展的風(fēng)向標(biāo),無(wú)論是以實(shí)證經(jīng)驗(yàn)研究為主的心理學(xué)還是以思辨為主的哲學(xué)都在向“科學(xué)”的方法靠攏。同時(shí),任一學(xué)科的生命力均在于其研究成果的實(shí)踐性,并最終體現(xiàn)在學(xué)科的價(jià)值層面。在心理科學(xué)內(nèi)部,方法問(wèn)題和價(jià)值問(wèn)題偏偏構(gòu)成了不可調(diào)和的矛盾,如何化解矛盾是心理學(xué)未來(lái)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。理論心理學(xué)站在這一矛盾的焦點(diǎn)上,構(gòu)成了學(xué)科研究的困境。走出這一困境的關(guān)鍵是以開(kāi)放且包容的態(tài)度及多元化的理論視角對(duì)學(xué)科未來(lái)進(jìn)路進(jìn)行探尋與分析。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the experimental philosophical movement in the western philosophical circles has often been regarded as a methodological revolution. She pioneered the integration of experimental psychology, cognitive neuroscience, evolutionism, experimental economics and other research results and methods, in an attempt to bring new strength to the study of ancient philosophical problems. It is criticized by the mainstream philosophy, but its strong vitality and competitiveness can be seen from its rapid development.
Theoretical psychology has always been accompanied by the growth and development of psychological science, but as an independent branch of psychology began in the late 1960s, after Cook,'Royce and other scholars to strive for the rationality of the status of theoretical psychology, until the 1980s and 1990s, proxy psychology did not enter a "theory" After entering the 21st century, the research of theoretical psychology has focused more on the criticism and reflection of research methods, aiming at "rebuilding the basis of scientific methodology and providing a new perspective and approach for psychological research" (Ye Haosheng, 2002). Although many theoretical research results have been obtained, they are still beyond development. Some scholars are worried that theoretical psychology will return to the old way of philosophical psychology and question whether theoretical psychology can produce substantial research results. The development path of new theory.
At the same time, experimental philosophy on the other side is seeking new solutions to traditional philosophical disputes through the use of psychological and cognitive neuroscience research results and means. Many of the research results have revitalized the controversy of philosophical theory. Philosophy is trying to find a more scientific way of research, so how to obtain scientific innovation from the rise of theoretical psychology will be the focus of this paper, but also the significance of research.
Based on the discussion of the current situation of the rise of experimental philosophy in foreign countries, this paper combines history with theory, literature with science, Macro-problems with micro-problems, and combines the methods of literature analysis with theoretical review to sort out and analyze the rebellious phenomena of philosophical methods in analytical philosophy after the new millennium. Based on the study of what kind of inspiration and reference can be brought to the development of psychology, especially theoretical psychology, by the fusion of philosophy and science, this paper explores the scientific innovation of theoretical psychology through the rise of experimental philosophy. This paper summarizes the historical background, reasons, main research methods and innovative research results of its rise. Secondly, from the historical background of its rise, realistic progress and hot debates, we can see how theoretical psychology uses scientific and objective methods to achieve theoretical innovation and breakthroughs. Discusses the two breakthrough points of theory and meta-theory, and explains the reasonable path of scientific innovation of theoretical psychology.
"Science" is the vane of the development of various disciplines. Psychology based on empirical research and philosophy based on speculation are all approaching to the "scientific" method. Meanwhile, the vitality of any discipline lies in the practicality of its research results, and ultimately embodies in the value of the discipline. How to resolve the contradiction is the key to the future development of psychology. Theoretical psychology stands at the focal point of this contradiction and constitutes the dilemma of discipline research. The key to get out of this dilemma is to explore the future path of discipline with an open and inclusive attitude and a pluralistic theoretical perspective. Search and analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B84-0

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