【摘要】：數(shù)量認(rèn)知是人類(lèi)重要的認(rèn)知能力之一。在過(guò)去的數(shù)十年間,人們對(duì)于各種各樣的數(shù)量形式及其在人腦中的表征進(jìn)行了研究。頂內(nèi)溝的一部分神經(jīng)元被認(rèn)為以一致的激活模式加工不同的數(shù)量形式。不同符號(hào)數(shù)字的V形啟動(dòng)模式和梯型的符號(hào)交叉啟動(dòng)效應(yīng)暗示著認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)對(duì)不同的數(shù)量形式采取共享的、一致的內(nèi)部表征。距離啟動(dòng)效應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是該內(nèi)部表征的重要功能。最近,涌現(xiàn)出不少新的證據(jù)表明數(shù)量的抽象化表征可能有更加復(fù)雜的過(guò)程。研究者關(guān)注在共享的內(nèi)部表征中,是否能夠出現(xiàn)符號(hào)特異性表征機(jī)制的問(wèn)題,甚至有人懷疑一致的內(nèi)部表征是否存在。本研究向被試呈現(xiàn)估數(shù)stroop圖片作為啟動(dòng)刺激,該啟動(dòng)刺激包含著非符號(hào)數(shù)量和數(shù)字符號(hào)兩種信息。在三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,目標(biāo)物分別為圓點(diǎn)、阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字或漢語(yǔ)數(shù)字,45名被試被要求對(duì)目標(biāo)物的數(shù)量或者數(shù)值進(jìn)行語(yǔ)音判斷。所有的數(shù)量為1-5,大多數(shù)在感數(shù)(subtizing)范圍內(nèi)。實(shí)驗(yàn)程序與Roggeman等人的數(shù)量啟動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)保持一致：在前后掩蔽(49ms)之間,呈現(xiàn)啟動(dòng)刺激83ms,目標(biāo)物呈現(xiàn)183ms,心理學(xué)反應(yīng)盒記錄下被試的語(yǔ)音判斷反應(yīng)時(shí)。在實(shí)驗(yàn)一中,啟動(dòng)數(shù)字對(duì)于圓點(diǎn)數(shù)量目標(biāo)物沒(méi)有任何啟動(dòng)效應(yīng)。啟動(dòng)數(shù)量和目標(biāo)物數(shù)量的某種關(guān)系影響了反應(yīng)時(shí),回歸分析結(jié)果顯示為V形啟動(dòng)效應(yīng),然而,在去掉數(shù)量距離為0的數(shù)據(jù)后,回歸分析相關(guān)的系數(shù)的顯著性消失了。表明實(shí)驗(yàn)一中啟動(dòng)數(shù)量的啟動(dòng)效應(yīng)表現(xiàn)為本值啟動(dòng)。在實(shí)驗(yàn)二、三中,啟動(dòng)數(shù)量對(duì)于目標(biāo)物沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出啟動(dòng)效應(yīng),而啟動(dòng)數(shù)字對(duì)于阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字目標(biāo)物和漢語(yǔ)數(shù)字目標(biāo)物的啟動(dòng)都表現(xiàn)出本值啟動(dòng)效應(yīng)。表明在該啟動(dòng)條件下,阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的啟動(dòng)表現(xiàn)出語(yǔ)義表征,即數(shù)字距離效應(yīng)的缺失。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,數(shù)量的本值啟動(dòng)效應(yīng)是符號(hào)特異性表征的結(jié)果。同時(shí)還發(fā)現(xiàn)了阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的距離表征的缺失,這種缺失并非由于字形、語(yǔ)音的加工受限,可能僅與符號(hào)數(shù)字的語(yǔ)義表征困難有關(guān)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的語(yǔ)義表征與非符號(hào)數(shù)量的自動(dòng)化加工存在共享的認(rèn)知資源,在該認(rèn)知功能區(qū)內(nèi),不同數(shù)量形式的表征可以是符號(hào)特異性的。
[Abstract]:Quantitative cognition is one of the most important cognitive abilities of human beings. In the past few decades, various quantitative forms and their representation in the human brain have been studied. Some of the neurons in the intra parietal sulcus are thought to process different quantitative forms in a consistent activation mode. The V-shaped starting mode of different symbol numbers and the trapezoidal cross-start effect imply that the cognitive system takes a shared and consistent internal representation of different quantitative forms. The distance priming effect is considered to be an important function of the internal characterization. Recently, new evidence has emerged that quantitative abstractions may have more complex processes. Researchers are concerned about whether the symbol-specific representation mechanism can be found in shared internal representations, and some even doubt the existence of consistent internal representations. In this study, the estimated stroop images were presented to the subjects as priming stimuli, which contained two kinds of information: the number of non-symbols and the number of digital symbols. In three experiments, 45 subjects were asked to make phonological judgment on the quantity or value of the object. All the numbers ranged from 1 to 5, most of them in the range of (subtizing). The experimental procedure was consistent with the quantitative priming experiment of Roggeman et al. Between 49ms, the priming stimulus was 83 Ms, the target was 183 Ms, and the psychological response box recorded the speech judgement response time of the subjects. In experiment 1, the starting number has no priming effect on the number of dots. When the relation between the number of starters and the quantity of the target affected the reaction, the regression analysis showed that the effect was V-shaped. However, when the number distance was 0, the correlation coefficient of the regression equation disappeared significantly. The results show that the priming effect of the number of primer in experiment 1 is primordial priming. In the second and third experiments, the number of primer has no priming effect on the target, but the priming number shows the priming effect on both the Arabic numerals and the Chinese numerals. It is shown that under this condition, the initiation of Arabic numerals shows semantic representation, that is, the absence of digital distance effect. The experimental results show that the priming effect of quantity is the result of symbolic specificity. At the same time, the absence of distance representation of Arabic numerals, which is not due to glyph and limited speech processing, may only be related to the difficulty of semantic representation of symbol numbers. The experimental results show that there are shared cognitive resources between the semantic representation of Arabic numerals and the automatic processing of non-symbolic numbers. In this cognitive functional region, the representation of different quantitative forms can be symbolic specific.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B842.1

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本文編號(hào)：2220412