【摘要】：雙語者的語言轉(zhuǎn)換研究一直是心理語言學(xué)家和語言學(xué)家關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),研究者分別從語言產(chǎn)生和語言理解兩個(gè)層面進(jìn)行研究,但是語言理解層面的研究相對(duì)較少,且多以單個(gè)詞匯加工為主。同時(shí),有限的句內(nèi)語言轉(zhuǎn)換的研究多是以印歐語系為主,蒙漢句內(nèi)語言轉(zhuǎn)換的研究尚未見過報(bào)道。蒙語和漢語隸屬完全不同的語系,而且兩者句子的詞序有很大的不同,漢語簡單陳述句是主語+謂語+賓語,而蒙語簡單陳述句是主語+賓語+謂語。鑒于蒙語和漢語無論是詞形還是句法結(jié)構(gòu)都存在很大的差異,故需要探討蒙語和漢語間的句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換是否也會(huì)存在轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)?如果存在轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià),那么轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)來源哪個(gè)加工過程?是否也存在轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)的非對(duì)稱效應(yīng)?若發(fā)現(xiàn)了非對(duì)稱效應(yīng),那么非對(duì)稱效應(yīng)背后的機(jī)制又是什么?考慮到這些問題,故亟待采用不同的研究技術(shù)從多個(gè)層面深入探究。本研究以蒙-漢雙語者為研究對(duì)象,首次對(duì)蒙-漢的句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換的認(rèn)知機(jī)制進(jìn)行研究。研究分別從行為層面、眼動(dòng)層面和腦電層面深入探索句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)在不同加工階段中的特點(diǎn)及其相關(guān)機(jī)制。本文包含兩個(gè)研究,分別從漢語和蒙語的詞序一致的情況和詞序不一致的情況進(jìn)行探究。研究一以漢語把字句和蒙語陳述句(詞序都是SOV)為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,包含四種類型句子:漢語非轉(zhuǎn)換句、蒙語非轉(zhuǎn)換句、蒙語轉(zhuǎn)換到漢語的轉(zhuǎn)換句和漢語轉(zhuǎn)換到蒙語的轉(zhuǎn)換句。每種句子都包含語義正確和語義錯(cuò)誤兩種情況。實(shí)驗(yàn)1和2采用自定步速閱讀范式,從行為層面探測詞序一致情況下句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換的轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)及其特點(diǎn);實(shí)驗(yàn)3采用眼動(dòng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用移動(dòng)窗口范式,從眼動(dòng)層面探索詞序一致情況下轉(zhuǎn)換加工的早期、中期和晚期階段的轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)特點(diǎn);實(shí)驗(yàn)4采用ERPs技術(shù)應(yīng)用系列視覺呈現(xiàn)范式,從腦電層面探索詞序一致情況下轉(zhuǎn)換加工的早期、中期和晚期階段的轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)特點(diǎn)及其機(jī)制。研究二以漢語陳述句(詞序SVO)和蒙語陳述句(詞序SOV)為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,考察詞序是否對(duì)句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換的轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)產(chǎn)生影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)5和6采用自定步速閱讀范式,從行為層面探測詞序不一致情況下句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換的轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)及其特點(diǎn);實(shí)驗(yàn)7采用眼動(dòng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用移動(dòng)窗口范式,從眼動(dòng)層面探索詞序不一致情況下轉(zhuǎn)換加工的早期、中期階段的轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)特點(diǎn);實(shí)驗(yàn)8采用ERPs技術(shù)應(yīng)用系列視覺呈現(xiàn)范式,從腦電層面探索詞序不一致情況下轉(zhuǎn)換加工的早期、中期和晚期階段的轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)特點(diǎn)及其機(jī)制。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)由于二語浸入環(huán)境的影響,蒙-漢雙語大學(xué)的漢語處于優(yōu)勢地位,加工速度更快。(2)蒙-漢雙語者的句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換存在轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià),行為層面的非對(duì)稱效應(yīng)表現(xiàn)為蒙語轉(zhuǎn)換到漢語時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)更大,眼動(dòng)和腦電層面則發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換目標(biāo)詞出現(xiàn)后的早期加工階段的轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)非對(duì)稱效應(yīng)為漢語轉(zhuǎn)換到蒙語時(shí)更大;中期和晚期加工階段的非對(duì)稱效應(yīng)為蒙語轉(zhuǎn)換到漢語時(shí)更大。(3)蒙-漢雙語者的句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換的轉(zhuǎn)代價(jià)來源于心理詞匯組織系統(tǒng)之內(nèi)和心理詞匯組織系統(tǒng)之外。(4)詞序的一致性會(huì)對(duì)語言理解過程中的句內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換產(chǎn)生影響。詞序一致時(shí)會(huì)促進(jìn)句中各成分的整合,而詞序不一致時(shí)句子整合階段會(huì)產(chǎn)生困難表現(xiàn)出轉(zhuǎn)換代價(jià)。
[Abstract]:The study of bilingual language transfer has always been the focus of psycholinguists and linguists. Researchers have studied it from the aspects of language production and language comprehension. However, the study on the level of language comprehension is relatively small and mainly focuses on single word processing. Mongolian and Chinese belong to completely different language families, and the word order of the two sentences is very different. Chinese simple declarative sentence is subject + predicate + object, while Mongolian simple declarative sentence is subject + object + predicate. There are great differences between Mongolian and Chinese, so it is necessary to explore whether the intra-sentence conversion between Mongolian and Chinese also has conversion costs. If there is conversion costs, which processing process does the conversion costs come from? Is there asymmetric effect of the conversion costs? If there is asymmetric effect, what is the mechanism behind the asymmetric effect? Considering these problems, different research techniques are urgently needed to explore the cognitive mechanism of intra-sentence transformation in Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals for the first time. The first part of the study is based on Chinese Ba sentence and Mongolian declarative sentence (SOV). It contains four types of sentences: Chinese non-convertible sentences, Mongolian non-convertible sentences, Mongolian to Chinese conversion. In Experiment 1 and 2, the self-paced reading paradigm was used to detect the transformation costs and characteristics of intra-sentence conversion under the condition of consistent word order from the behavioral level; in experiment 3, eye-movement technology was used to apply the moving window paradigm and eye-movement layer to detect the transformation costs and characteristics of intra-sentence conversion under the condition of consistent word order. In experiment 4, ERPs technology was used to explore the characteristics and mechanism of the early, middle and late stages of conversion processing in the case of word order congruence. Ordered SVO and Mongolian declarative sentences (SOV) were used as experimental materials to examine whether word order had an effect on the cost of intra-sentence conversion. In experiment 8, a series of visual presentation paradigms were used to explore the characteristics and mechanism of the early, middle and late stages of word order inconsistent conversion processing. Under the influence of the environment, the Chinese language of Mongolian-Chinese Bilingual University is in a dominant position and can be processed more quickly. (2) The intra-sentence conversion of Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals has a transformation cost, and the asymmetric effect at the behavioral level is that the transformation cost is higher when Mongolian is converted to Chinese, while the eye movement and EEG level find the early processing stage after the target words appear. The asymmetric effect of transformation cost is greater when Chinese is transferred to Mongolian, and the asymmetric effect is greater when Mongolian is converted to Chinese in the middle and late processing stages. (3) The intra-sentence transformation cost of Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals comes from within the mental lexical organization system and outside the mental lexical organization system. (4) The consistency of word order will lead to language understanding. In the process of sentence-to-sentence conversion, the consistency of word order will promote the integration of all the components of the sentence, while the inconsistency of word order will lead to difficulties in sentence-to-sentence integration and show the cost of conversion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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本文編號(hào)：2213691