【摘要】：心算作為一種常用的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算形式，，日益受到國(guó)內(nèi)外數(shù)學(xué)教育者的重視。計(jì)算工具的普及并不能代替人們心算能力的發(fā)展。日常生活中購(gòu)物、理財(cái)?shù)壬婕皵?shù)字信息處理的事務(wù)都需要有心算的參與。進(jìn)一步探明心算的過(guò)程及影響因素，是開發(fā)系統(tǒng)的心算訓(xùn)練亟待解決的問(wèn)題。近年來(lái)人們發(fā)現(xiàn)工作記憶與數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知有著密切的聯(lián)系，計(jì)算加工中的諸多過(guò)程都需要工作記憶的參與，特別是中央執(zhí)行成分，對(duì)策略選擇、數(shù)位加工等有著重要影響。潛變量分析發(fā)現(xiàn)中央執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)是包括三個(gè)子功能，即刷新功能、轉(zhuǎn)換功能和抑制功能的多維度系統(tǒng)。為了給心算訓(xùn)練提供依據(jù)，以及進(jìn)一步探討中央執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)的抑制和轉(zhuǎn)換作用對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單心算的影響，本研究采用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法考察了工作記憶中央執(zhí)行成分的抑制和轉(zhuǎn)換功能對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單加減法心算的影響。 本研究共包括2個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用Go/No-Go實(shí)驗(yàn)范式進(jìn)行2（實(shí)驗(yàn)條件：心算任務(wù)、有抑制干擾的心算任務(wù)）×2（實(shí)驗(yàn)材料：簡(jiǎn)單加法、簡(jiǎn)單減法）的被試內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)，考察了工作記憶中央執(zhí)行成分的抑制功能對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單加減法的心算的影響；實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用數(shù)字-計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)換的實(shí)驗(yàn)范式進(jìn)行2（實(shí)驗(yàn)條件：心算任務(wù)、有轉(zhuǎn)換干擾的心算任務(wù)）×2（運(yùn)算類型：簡(jiǎn)單加法、簡(jiǎn)單減法）的被試內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)，探討了工作記憶中央執(zhí)行成分的轉(zhuǎn)換功能對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單加減法的心算的影響。 研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：（1）運(yùn)算類型即加、減法影響心算的準(zhǔn)確率和反應(yīng)時(shí)間；（2）對(duì)于加法的心算準(zhǔn)確率高；相同條件下，加法的反應(yīng)時(shí)較減法小；（3）實(shí)驗(yàn)條件影響心算的反應(yīng)時(shí)間，有任務(wù)干擾的條件下心算反應(yīng)時(shí)延長(zhǎng)；（4）中央執(zhí)行成分不同的功能對(duì)心算過(guò)程影響程度不同，相對(duì)于抑制功能，轉(zhuǎn)換功能影響程度更大；（5）有無(wú)抑制任務(wù)和加減心算兩因素交互作用顯著。 綜合以上結(jié)果，可得出如下結(jié)論：中央執(zhí)行成分參與心算過(guò)程，影響心算的準(zhǔn)確率；中央執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)的抑制和轉(zhuǎn)換功能不同程度地影響心算過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:As a commonly used form of mathematical calculation, mental arithmetic has been paid more and more attention by mathematics educators at home and abroad. The popularity of computing tools does not replace the development of mental arithmetic. In daily life, shopping, financing and other matters involving digital information processing need to be involved in mental arithmetic. Further understanding the process and influencing factors of mental arithmetic is an urgent problem to be solved in the development of mental arithmetic training. In recent years, it has been found that working memory is closely related to mathematical cognition, and many processes in computational processing require the participation of working memory, especially the central executive component, which plays an important role in strategy selection and digital processing. The analysis of latent variables shows that the central execution system is a multi-dimensional system with three sub-functions, namely, refresh function, conversion function and suppression function. In order to provide the basis for mental arithmetic training and to further explore the influence of the suppression and conversion of central execution system on simple mental arithmetic, In this study, the effects of inhibition and conversion of central executive components of working memory on simple addition and subtraction were investigated. This study consists of two experiments. Experiment 1 used Go/No-Go paradigm to design 2 (experimental conditions: mental arithmetic task, mental arithmetic task with interference suppression) 脳 2 (experimental material: simple addition, simple subtraction). The influence of the inhibitory function of central executive component of working memory on mental arithmetic of simple addition and subtraction was investigated. The experiment design in subjects of 脳 2 (operation type: simple addition, simple subtraction) was carried out. The effect of conversion function of central executive component of working memory on simple addition and subtraction was discussed. The results show that: (1) the type of operation is addition, subtraction affects the accuracy and reaction time of mental arithmetic; (2) the accuracy of mental arithmetic is high for addition; under the same conditions, the reaction time of addition is smaller than that of subtraction; (3) experimental conditions affect the reaction time of mental arithmetic. The mental arithmetic reaction time was prolonged under the condition of task interference. (4) the different functions of central executive components had different effects on the mental arithmetic process, and the conversion function had more influence on the mental arithmetic process than on the inhibition function. (5) there was significant interaction between inhibition task and mental arithmetic. Synthesizing the above results, we can draw the following conclusions: the central executive component participates in the mental arithmetic process, which affects the accuracy of the mental arithmetic; the inhibition and conversion function of the central execution system affects the mental arithmetic process to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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