【摘要】：面孔識(shí)別是指?jìng)�(gè)體能夠準(zhǔn)確再認(rèn)面孔及正確辨認(rèn)面部表情的能力,主要有兩種方式：二級(jí)構(gòu)形加工方式與整體加工方式,其中前者是指面孔的主要特征之間的空間結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系；而整體加工則指整合面孔的所有部位特征,構(gòu)成如格式塔一般的整體進(jìn)行加工處理,并非物體特征的簡(jiǎn)單集合。認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備是指?jìng)�(gè)體自適應(yīng)利用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)不斷增加的腦損傷進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償?shù)哪芰?它能夠緩沖腦病理對(duì)臨床表現(xiàn)的致殘效應(yīng),促使個(gè)體成功應(yīng)對(duì)腦病理,保障其臨床表現(xiàn)或行為成績(jī)達(dá)到最優(yōu)化。認(rèn)知功能則是指人腦加工、存儲(chǔ)和提取信息的能力。已有證據(jù)表明認(rèn)知功能與面孔識(shí)別之間存在相關(guān)關(guān)系,由于加工速度、工作記憶等-般認(rèn)知功能的老化,面孔的二級(jí)構(gòu)形加工方式受損,老年人的面孔識(shí)別能力也受到影響,發(fā)生增齡性衰退。而認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備對(duì)認(rèn)知能力或認(rèn)知作業(yè)的保護(hù)作用己在較多研究中得到證實(shí),因此認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備與面孔識(shí)別之間可能存在相關(guān)關(guān)系。研究表明,面孔識(shí)別能力與二級(jí)構(gòu)形、整體加工關(guān)系密切,即,二級(jí)構(gòu)形加工水平越高,面孔識(shí)別能力越好；整體加工水平越高,面孔識(shí)別能力越好。同時(shí),研究表明認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備能夠影響面孔的整體加工水平,說(shuō)明認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備與面孔的加工方式之間可能存在相關(guān)。這不僅表明認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備與面孔識(shí)別之間可能存在相關(guān),而且認(rèn)知功能與面孔加工方式(二級(jí)構(gòu)形、整體加工)在認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備與面孔識(shí)別之間可能存在中介作用。綜上,本研究試圖探討認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備對(duì)老年人的面孔識(shí)別能力是否具有預(yù)測(cè)作用,認(rèn)知功能與面孔識(shí)別的加工方式是認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備與面孔識(shí)別的中介變量,分析認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備、面孔識(shí)別能力、認(rèn)知功能及面孔識(shí)別機(jī)制之間的影響關(guān)系和作用機(jī)制。本研究分為兩項(xiàng)研究,均采用問(wèn)卷與實(shí)驗(yàn)程序相結(jié)合的方式對(duì)重慶市北碚區(qū)126名社會(huì)老年人進(jìn)行研究,研究一的研究目的即探索認(rèn)知功能(加工速度、工作記憶與執(zhí)行功能)與面孔識(shí)別機(jī)制在認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備與面孔識(shí)別能力之間的中介作用,研究二則試圖采用新的實(shí)驗(yàn)范式驗(yàn)證研究一的結(jié)果。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：1、認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備各指標(biāo)中教育與面孔識(shí)別反應(yīng)時(shí)顯著負(fù)相關(guān)；2、加工速度在CR總分與面孔識(shí)別正確率中起完全中介作用；加工速度分別在認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備指標(biāo)-教育、1Q與面孔識(shí)別正確率中起完全中介作用。3、加工速度在CR總分與二級(jí)構(gòu)形之間起完全中介作用；工作記憶、加工速度分別在認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備指標(biāo)-IQ與二級(jí)構(gòu)形之間起完全中介作用。4、加工速度、二級(jí)構(gòu)形在認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備與面孔識(shí)別之間存在鏈?zhǔn)蕉嘀刂薪樾?yīng)。
[Abstract]:Face recognition refers to the ability of an individual to recognize faces accurately and recognize facial expressions correctly. There are two main ways: the secondary configuration processing mode and the overall processing mode, the former refers to the spatial structure relationship between the main features of the face; The whole processing refers to the integration of all the features of the face, which is not the simple set of the features of the object, but the processing of the whole as the Gestalt. Cognitive reserve refers to the ability of individual adaptively using neural network to compensate for the increasing brain damage. It can buffer the disabling effect of brain pathology on clinical manifestations and promote the individual to deal with brain pathology successfully. To ensure that their clinical performance or behavioral performance is optimized. Cognitive function refers to the ability of human brain to process, store and extract information. There has been evidence that there is a correlation between cognitive function and face recognition. Due to the aging of processing speed, working memory and other cognitive functions, the secondary configuration of the face is impaired, and the ability of face recognition of the elderly is also affected. Aging recession occurs. The protective effect of cognitive reserve on cognitive ability or cognitive activity has been confirmed in many studies, so there may be a correlation between cognitive reserve and face recognition. The research shows that face recognition ability is closely related to secondary configuration and overall processing, that is, the higher the level of secondary configuration processing, the better the face recognition ability, and the higher the overall processing level, the better the face recognition ability. At the same time, the study shows that cognitive reserve can affect the overall processing level of face, indicating that there may be a correlation between cognitive reserve and face processing. This not only indicates that there may be a correlation between cognitive reserve and face recognition, but also that cognitive function and face processing (secondary configuration, global processing) may play an intermediary role between cognitive reserve and face recognition. In summary, this study attempts to explore whether the cognitive reserve can predict the face recognition ability of the elderly. The cognitive function and the processing mode of face recognition are the intermediate variables of cognitive reserve and face recognition, and the cognitive reserve is analyzed. The influence and mechanism of face recognition ability, cognitive function and face recognition mechanism. This study is divided into two studies. The purpose of the study is to explore cognitive function (processing speed) in 126 elderly people in Beibei District of Chongqing City by means of questionnaire and experimental procedure. Working memory and executive function) and face recognition mechanism play an intermediary role between cognitive reserve and face recognition ability. The second study attempts to verify the results of study one by using a new experimental paradigm. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between education and face recognition response in every index of cognitive reserve, and the processing speed played a complete intermediary role in the total CR score and the correct rate of face recognition. Processing speed plays a complete intermediary role in cognitive reserve index, education 1Q, and correct rate of face recognition, and processing speed plays a complete intermediary role between CR total score and secondary configuration, working memory, working memory, Processing speed completely mediates between cognitive reserve index -IQ and secondary configuration respectively. Processing speed and secondary configuration have chain multiple mediating effect between cognitive reserve and face recognition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：B842.1

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本文編號(hào)：2197865