【摘要】：視覺(jué)工作記憶對(duì)于個(gè)體獲取視覺(jué)信息以及高級(jí)認(rèn)知活動(dòng)都至關(guān)重要。前人的研究從不同方面表明動(dòng)作類游戲玩家有視覺(jué)工作記憶優(yōu)勢(shì),但對(duì)產(chǎn)生這種優(yōu)勢(shì)的相應(yīng)機(jī)制的研究卻不多。本研究采用經(jīng)典的變化覺(jué)察范式(記憶屏、記憶保持和反應(yīng)屏),試圖通過(guò)認(rèn)知和神經(jīng)兩方面來(lái)解釋動(dòng)作類游戲玩家的視覺(jué)工作記憶優(yōu)勢(shì)。在實(shí)驗(yàn)一中,為了證實(shí)游戲玩家在視覺(jué)工作記憶上確實(shí)存在優(yōu)勢(shì),我們采用色塊刺激的變化察覺(jué)范式,比較游戲玩家與非游戲玩家的任務(wù)表現(xiàn)差異。結(jié)果顯示,游戲玩家的記憶容量以及任務(wù)表現(xiàn)(正確率和辨別率)都要顯著地好于非游戲玩家。實(shí)驗(yàn)二則試圖探索游戲玩家這種優(yōu)勢(shì)的認(rèn)知機(jī)制,我們采用另一種色塊刺激的變化覺(jué)察范式,安排了三個(gè)任務(wù)：任務(wù)一改變記憶屏呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間；任務(wù)二與任務(wù)三加入線索,前者改變線索與記憶屏的延遲時(shí)間,后者固定線索與記憶屏的延遲時(shí)間,而改變線索與反應(yīng)屏的延遲時(shí)間。結(jié)果顯示,玩家在三個(gè)任務(wù)上的正確率都顯著地高于非玩家,更重要的是,玩家在任務(wù)二中的優(yōu)勢(shì)受延遲時(shí)間的影響,表明玩家能更好地防止記憶的衰退。實(shí)驗(yàn)三則試圖探索這種優(yōu)勢(shì)的神經(jīng)機(jī)制,我們采用與實(shí)驗(yàn)一相同的實(shí)驗(yàn)范式,同時(shí)采用腦電技術(shù)記錄并通過(guò)神經(jīng)振蕩(ERD/ERS)神經(jīng)指標(biāo)分析兩組在進(jìn)行視覺(jué)工作記憶任務(wù)時(shí)的大腦活動(dòng)差異。結(jié)果顯示,非游戲玩家在upper alpha、lower alpha和beta三個(gè)頻段上ERD/ERS值都存在記憶負(fù)荷主效應(yīng)或相關(guān)的交互效應(yīng),而玩家則沒(méi)有這一效應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明非游戲玩家與注意以及與任務(wù)相關(guān)的腦激活隨記憶負(fù)荷的增加出現(xiàn)顯著地下降,尤其當(dāng)記憶負(fù)荷為6時(shí),與任務(wù)相關(guān)的腦激活出現(xiàn)抑制；而游戲玩家與注意以及與任務(wù)相關(guān)的腦激活都不隨記憶負(fù)荷的增加而有顯著的改變。通過(guò)上述三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),研究得出結(jié)論：動(dòng)作類游戲玩家存在視覺(jué)工作記憶優(yōu)勢(shì),這種優(yōu)勢(shì)可能來(lái)源于更好地防止記憶的衰退,并且更好地應(yīng)對(duì)高記憶負(fù)荷任務(wù)。
[Abstract]:Visual working memory (VWM) plays an important role in the acquisition of visual information and advanced cognitive activities. Previous studies have shown that action gamers have the advantage of visual working memory in different ways, but few have studied the corresponding mechanism of this advantage. In the first experiment, in order to confirm the superiority of visual working memory, we used the color block stimulation change detection paradigm to compare the task performance between players and non-players. In the second experiment, we tried to explore the cognitive mechanism of this advantage. We used another color block stimulation change detection paradigm and arranged three tasks: task 1 changed the display time of memory screen; Task 2 and task 3 add cues. The former changes the delay time of cues and memory screens, while the latter fixes the delay time of cues and memory screens, and changes the delay time of cues and reaction screens. Experiments 3 attempted to explore the neural mechanisms underlying this advantage. We used the same experimental paradigm as the experiment, and recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements and analyzed brain activity differences between the two groups during visual working memory tasks by using ERD / ERS neural indicators. The results showed that the main effect or related interaction effect of memory load existed in the three bands of upper alpha, lower alpha and beta, but not in the players. The results showed that attention and task-related brain activation decreased significantly with the increase of memory load, especially in the non-game players. Task-related brain activation was inhibited when the memory load was 6, while neither attention nor task-related brain activation was significantly changed with the increase of memory load. Better prevention of memory decline and better coping with high memory tasks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：B842

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 ;游戲玩家的勞動(dòng)節(jié)[J];男生女生(金版);2005年04期

2 木手指;辛光;;趙小明廣種薄收一起玩[J];新華航空;2007年03期

3 王成宇;;對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)游戲玩家差異性的文化根源一探[J];劍南文學(xué)(經(jīng)典教苑);2012年03期

4 王少O，

本文編號(hào)：2189531