【摘要】：研究通過兩個實驗,探究了權(quán)力對利他行為的影響機制。實驗1從兩個調(diào)查網(wǎng)站征集了180名被試,將被試隨機分為兩組,首先對被試進行了人際關(guān)系取向的調(diào)查,再對兩組被試分別啟動高、低權(quán)力感,最后讓被試在獨裁者博弈中做出利益分配的決策,被試給出的數(shù)額可以反映被試利他行為的程度。實驗2將實驗1中獨裁者博弈的分配總額從5000降為20,使用江蘇某高校的74名本科生作為被試,重復(fù)實驗1的實驗過程,同樣用被試給出的數(shù)額反應(yīng)被試的利他行為。兩實驗結(jié)果顯示： (1)權(quán)力感主效應(yīng)顯著,高權(quán)力被試在獨裁者博弈中給搭檔分配較少的金額數(shù),低權(quán)力被試分配給搭檔較多的金額數(shù)。 (2)人際關(guān)系取向主效應(yīng)顯著,共享組在獨裁者博弈中分配給搭檔較多的金額數(shù),而交易組在獨裁者博弈中,分配給搭檔較少的金額數(shù)。 (3)權(quán)力感與人際關(guān)系取向交互效應(yīng)顯著,獨裁者博弈任務(wù)中,高權(quán)力情境下,共享組與交易組分配給搭檔金額無顯著差異,且分配給搭檔金額數(shù)目都較少；低權(quán)力情境下,只有共享組分配給搭檔的金額數(shù)較多,交易組分配給搭檔的金額數(shù)較少。 (4)當利益變小時,即獨裁者博弈任務(wù)中的金額數(shù)從5000變?yōu)?0時,四組間被試分配給搭檔的金額數(shù)目不存在顯著差異。研究結(jié)論： (1)高權(quán)力會抑制被試的利他行為,低權(quán)力情境下被試會表現(xiàn)出更多的利他行為。 (2)人際關(guān)系取向會影響被試的利他行為,共享者會比交易者表現(xiàn)出更多的利他行為。 (3)在高權(quán)力感的情境下,無論個體是共享類型還是交易類型,都較少地表現(xiàn)出利他行為,即即便是共享取向的個體,當其擁有高權(quán)力感或者居于有權(quán)力地位時,都可能較少地表現(xiàn)出對他人的關(guān)心、更不容易產(chǎn)生對弱者的幫助。對低權(quán)力者而言,并非所有處于社會底層的人都會產(chǎn)生利他行為,而只有同時具有共享關(guān)系取向的人才可能更樂于產(chǎn)生助人行為。 (4)權(quán)力與人際關(guān)系取向?qū)袨榈淖饔檬艿缴婕袄娲笮〉挠绊憽?br/>[Abstract]:Through two experiments, the study explores the influence mechanism of power on altruistic behavior. In experiment 1, 180 subjects were collected from two survey websites, and were randomly divided into two groups. First, the interpersonal relationship orientation of the subjects was investigated, and then the high and low sense of power were started for the two groups. Finally, the subjects are asked to make a decision on the distribution of benefits in the dictatorial game, and the amount given by the subjects can reflect the degree of altruistic behavior of the subjects. In experiment 2, the total distribution of dictatorial game in experiment 1 was reduced from 5000 to 20. 74 undergraduates of a university in Jiangsu province were used as subjects. The experiment process of experiment 1 was repeated, and the altruistic behavior of the subjects was also reflected by the amount given by the subjects. The results of the two experiments show that: (1) the power sense effect is significant, and the high-power subjects allocate less amount of money to their partners in the dictatorial game. (2) the dominant effect of interpersonal orientation was significant, the share group assigned more amount to the partner in the dictatorial game, while the trading group was in the dictatorial game. (3) there was significant interaction between the sense of power and the orientation of interpersonal relationship, but there was no significant difference between the shared group and the trading group in the situation of high power in the dictators' game task, and there was no significant difference in the amount of money assigned to the partner between the shared group and the trading group under the situation of high power. In the low power situation, only the shared group was allocated more amount to the partner, and the transaction group allocated less amount to the partner. (4) when the benefits become small, the amount of money allocated to the partner is less. (4) when the benefit becomes small, the amount of money allocated to the partner is less. (4) when the benefit becomes small, That is, the amount of money in the dictator's game task changed from 5000 to 20:00, and there was no significant difference in the amount of money assigned to the partner among the four groups. The results showed that: (1) High power inhibited the altruistic behavior of the subjects, and the subjects showed more altruistic behaviors in the low power situation. (2) interpersonal relationship orientation affected the altruistic behavior of the subjects. Sharers show more altruistic behavior than traders. (3) in situations of high sense of power, individuals, regardless of whether they are sharing or trading types, exhibit less altruistic behavior, that is, even those with a shared orientation. When they have a high sense of power or a position of power, they may show less concern for others and less likely to help the weak. For the low-power, not all people at the bottom of the society have altruistic behavior. Only those with shared relationship orientation may be more willing to produce helpful behavior. (4) the influence of power and interpersonal orientation on altruistic behavior is affected by the magnitude of interest involved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B848

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