【摘要】：前瞻記憶是對(duì)將來(lái)某個(gè)特定時(shí)間要完成的活動(dòng)和事件等意向的保持與執(zhí)行。前瞻記憶的正確執(zhí)行不僅要求我們?cè)谑录�索出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候進(jìn)行正確的行為,同時(shí)也要求我們能夠?qū)Ω蓴_的事件線索的有效抑制。本文在前人對(duì)抑制和認(rèn)知負(fù)荷對(duì)前瞻記憶影響研究的基礎(chǔ)上,采用具有內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的靶線索控制抑制效應(yīng),采用雙任務(wù)范式,進(jìn)行前瞻記憶的前效、后效和混合效應(yīng)的研究并探討其加工機(jī)制。實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用2*2的被試間設(shè)計(jì),以有無(wú)前效和高低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷水平為自變量,以對(duì)前瞻任務(wù)的虛報(bào)率、前瞻任務(wù)的正確率和反應(yīng)時(shí),背景任務(wù)的正確率和反應(yīng)時(shí)為因變量。研究結(jié)果顯示,有前效組對(duì)前瞻任務(wù)的虛報(bào)率顯著高于無(wú)前效組。高認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組的前瞻任務(wù)正確率顯著高于低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組,高認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組的前瞻任務(wù)反應(yīng)時(shí)顯著高于低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組。有前效組背景任務(wù)正確率顯著低于無(wú)前效組背景任務(wù)的正確率。高認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組的背景任務(wù)正確率顯著低于低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組,高認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組的背景任務(wù)反應(yīng)時(shí)顯著高于低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組。實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用2*2的被試間設(shè)計(jì),以有無(wú)后效和高低認(rèn)知負(fù)載為自變量,以對(duì)前瞻任務(wù)的虛報(bào)率、前瞻任務(wù)的正確率和反應(yīng)時(shí),背景任務(wù)的正確率和反應(yīng)時(shí)為因變量。研究結(jié)果顯示,有后效組對(duì)前瞻任務(wù)的虛報(bào)率顯著高于無(wú)后效組。高認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組前瞻任務(wù)正確率顯著低于低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組。在后效組的情況下,高認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組的前瞻任務(wù)正確率顯著高于低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組的前瞻任務(wù)正確率。在無(wú)后效的情況下,高認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組的前瞻任務(wù)正確率顯著低于低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷組。實(shí)驗(yàn)三采用單因素被試間實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),以有無(wú)混合效應(yīng)為自變量,以對(duì)前瞻任務(wù)的虛報(bào)率為因變量。研究結(jié)果顯示,有混合組對(duì)前瞻任務(wù)的虛報(bào)率顯著高于無(wú)混合組對(duì)前瞻任務(wù)的虛報(bào)率。進(jìn)一步對(duì)混合組的前效效應(yīng)和后效效應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示,后效效應(yīng)的均值大于前效效應(yīng)�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),背景任務(wù)的負(fù)載水平會(huì)影響前瞻記憶的認(rèn)知資源的分配。后效效應(yīng)更容易受到認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的影響。前瞻記憶中存在前效、后效和混合效應(yīng),混合效應(yīng)不是前效和后效的簡(jiǎn)單相加,后效效應(yīng)的對(duì)前瞻記憶的干擾更大,這可能是前效的靶線索會(huì)做為提示物進(jìn)一步鞏固前瞻意向。
[Abstract]:Prospective memory is the retention and execution of activities and events, such as activities and events to be completed at a particular time in the future. The correct execution of prospective memory requires not only the correct behavior when the event clues appear, but also the effective inhibition of the interfering event clues. On the basis of the study on the effect of prospective memory, the effect of target clue control with internal connections was adopted, and the two task paradigm was used to study the preeffect, aftereffect and mixing effect of prospective memory and to explore the mechanism of its processing. The rate of false reporting of prospective tasks, the correct rate and response of prospective tasks, the correct rate of background tasks and the response time were dependent variables. The results showed that the rate of false reporting for prospective tasks was significantly higher than that in the non effective group. The accuracy of the prospective task in the high cognitive load group was significantly higher than that in the low cognitive load group and the high cognitive load group was prospective. The task response was significantly higher than that in the low cognitive load group. The correct rate of the background task in the front effect group was significantly lower than that in the non effective group. The correct rate of the background task in the high cognitive load group was significantly lower than the low cognitive load group. The background task response was significantly higher in the high cognitive load group than in the low cognitive load group. The two of the experiment was 2*2. The results showed that the rate of false reporting for prospective tasks was significantly higher than that of the less effective group. The prospective task of the high cognitive load group was correct. The rate of prospective task accuracy in the high cognitive load group was significantly higher than that in the low cognitive load group. In the case of no subsequent effect, the prospective task accuracy of the high cognitive load group was significantly lower than that of the low cognitive load group. Experiment three was designed by a single factor experimental design. The results show that the false reporting rate of the mixed group on the prospective task is significantly higher than that of the non mixed group on the prospective task, and the preeffect effect and the aftereffect effect of the mixed group are further analyzed. The results show that the mean value of the effect effect is greater than the previous effect. Overall, the load level of the background task affects the allocation of cognitive resources in prospective memory. The aftereffect is more easily influenced by cognitive load. There is a preeffect, aftereffect and mixing effect in prospective memory. The mixing effect is not a simple addition to the pre and post effects, and the aftereffect effect is more interfering to the prospective memory, which may be The target clues of previous effects will be used as a reminder to further consolidate prospective intentions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

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