【摘要】：場景作為空間中特定的一部分,對其的研究越來越收到關注,場景知覺(scene perception)是指通過感官得到了場景世界的信息,再經(jīng)過大腦的加工,產(chǎn)生了對場景整體的認識,它并不是個別感覺信息的簡單綜合,而是按一定方式來整合個別的感覺信息,形成一定的結構,并根據(jù)個體的經(jīng)驗來解釋由感覺提供的信息,包括形狀知覺、大小知覺、深度與距離知覺、方位知覺與空間定向等的整合(Henderson,2005)。影響場景知覺的因素早期主要集中于場景背景以及目標物的屬性特征,例如背景語義一致性,目標物的顯著性等,而對作為場景知覺主體的人,所帶來的影響關注較少。個體在場景知覺過程中空間能力是不可或缺的一部分,而性別的知覺策略因素對其影響,也存在一定的爭議,有研究者認為性別差異是存在的并且男性表現(xiàn)更好,而有的研究者女性的表現(xiàn)更好或者不存在性別差異。因此本研究的目的,一方面探測在場景知覺的視覺搜索過程中是否存在性別差異,另一方面探討在場景知覺中視覺搜索性別差異產(chǎn)生的原因。根據(jù)此研究目的,本研究采用變化探測的眼動范式,并選取了人工場景與真實自然場景圖片相結合實驗材料,擬進行三個實驗： (1)在人工場景中,選取結構屬性位置與特征屬性顏色,來探測男性與女性在顏色與位置的變化探測中是否存在性別差異； (2)在真實場景中探討男性與女性在顏色與位置的變化探測中是否存在性別差異； (3)引入眼動技術,來探討女性在知覺過程中是如何對屬性進行變化探測的,同時我們也期望能夠運用眼動來繼續(xù)探測男性是否真的在客體屬性的變化探測中沒有顯著的優(yōu)勢。 以往結合眼動的研究更多的使用目標搜索范式,給被試呈現(xiàn)的為一張圖片,而在本研究中,我們引入記憶圖片與探測圖片,能夠更好的捕捉到被試在探測圖片中進行視覺搜索時的眼動指標,實驗結果發(fā)現(xiàn)： (1)在人工場景條件下顏色與位置變化主效應顯著,女生在顏色變化條件下反應時顯著長于位置變化,男生沒有表現(xiàn)出顏色與位置變化的顯著差異差異。 (2)在真實自然場景條件下,顏色與位置不同屬性的變化對女生變化探測反應時影響顯著,且對位置變化探測反應時顯著長于顏色的探測,對于男生的變化探測沒有顯著影響。 (3)男生在顏色與位置屬性變化上,反應時均長于女生,在顏色變化條件下,女生眼跳角距顯著大于位置變化條件,男生在兩屬性沒有顯著差異,性別因素影響對顏色、位置的變化探測。
[Abstract]:As a specific part of space, the research of scene is paid more and more attention to. Scene perception (scene perception) means that the information of scene world is obtained through the senses, and then processed by the brain, which produces the overall understanding of the scene. It is not a simple synthesis of individual sensory information, but a certain way to integrate individual sensory information, form a certain structure, and interpret the information provided by the feeling according to the individual experience, including shape perception, size perception. The integration of depth and distance perception, azimuth perception and spatial orientation (Henderson2005). The factors that affect scene perception in the early stage mainly focus on the background and the attribute characteristics of the object, such as the semantic consistency of the background, the significance of the object, and so on, but less attention is paid to the people who are the subject of the scene perception. The spatial ability of individual is an indispensable part in the process of scene perception, and the influence of gender perceptual strategies on it is also controversial. Some researchers believe that gender differences exist and men perform better. Some researchers have better or no gender differences in women's performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore whether there are gender differences in the visual search process of scene perception, and on the other hand, to explore the causes of gender differences in visual search in scene perception. According to the purpose of this study, this study adopts the eye movement paradigm of change detection, and selects the artificial scene and the real natural scene picture to combine the experimental material, and plans to carry out three experiments: (1) in the artificial scene, The position of structure attribute and the color of characteristic attribute are selected to detect whether there is gender difference between male and female in detecting the change of color and position. (2) explore whether there is gender difference between male and female in detecting the change of color and position in real scene; (3) introduce eye movement technology, To explore how women detect changes in attributes in the process of perception, we also expect to use eye movements to continue to detect whether men really have no significant advantage in detecting changes in object attributes. Previous studies combined with eye movements used more target search paradigms to present a picture to the subjects. In this study, we introduced memory images and probe images. The results showed that: (1) the main effect of color and position change was significant in artificial scene. Under the condition of color change, the response time of female students was significantly longer than that of position change, while boys showed no significant difference in color and position change. (2) in real natural scene, The change of color and position attributes had a significant effect on the change detection response time of female students, and the detection time of position change detection reaction was significantly longer than that of color detection. There was no significant effect on the change detection of male students. (3) the reaction time of male students in the change of color and position attributes was longer than that of girls, and under the condition of color change, the distance of saccade angle of female students was significantly larger than that of the changing condition of position. There was no significant difference between male and female in the two attributes, and the change of color and position was detected by sex factor.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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