記憶領(lǐng)域中部分線索效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-03 15:46
【摘要】：部分線索效應(yīng)指的是被試學(xué)習(xí)并記憶一些材料之后,在測(cè)試階段,提供之前所學(xué)的部分材料作為線索詞來回憶剩余所學(xué)項(xiàng)目,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)被試的回憶成績(jī)反而比沒有提供任何線索,即比自由回憶時(shí)的成績(jī)更差。部分線索效應(yīng)這個(gè)概念是由Slamecka在1968年的一次詞表記憶項(xiàng)目任務(wù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中最早發(fā)現(xiàn)并提出來的。到目前為止,對(duì)于部分線索效應(yīng)作用機(jī)制的解釋主要集中于以下兩個(gè)假說:策略破壞假說和提取抑制假說。策略破壞假說認(rèn)為,當(dāng)提取階段實(shí)驗(yàn)者為被試提供已學(xué)材料的部分詞語作為線索詞的時(shí)候,它打亂了被試頭腦中已有的記憶策略,干擾了被試在記憶過程中形成的信息組織順序,從而導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)部分線索效應(yīng)。而提取抑制假說認(rèn)為,線索詞的呈現(xiàn)直接導(dǎo)致了這些材料項(xiàng)目表征的增強(qiáng),這種增強(qiáng)使得線索詞在測(cè)試時(shí)早期內(nèi)隱提取,而線索詞的早期內(nèi)隱提取直接抑制了非線索詞的表征,導(dǎo)致其激活水平降低,出現(xiàn)部分線索效應(yīng)。以往在對(duì)于策略破壞假說和提取抑制假說的實(shí)驗(yàn)證明中,存在以下四個(gè)方面的不足:第一,以往的學(xué)者對(duì)于提供相同位置的線索詞同樣產(chǎn)生部分線索效應(yīng)的原因缺乏深入的研究;第二,以往對(duì)于策略破壞假說的實(shí)驗(yàn)證明普遍都將編碼策略等同于系列化策略;第三,證明策略破壞假說的另外一種思路是采用不同任務(wù)難度的實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,但實(shí)際上,實(shí)驗(yàn)材料的難度越低,它們之間不僅項(xiàng)目的關(guān)聯(lián)程度不一樣,實(shí)驗(yàn)材料的熟悉度不同。第四,以往對(duì)于提取抑制假說的研究很多都集中于證明項(xiàng)目表征的改變是持久的,但僅僅從再次自由回憶的成績(jī)依舊受到影響而得出提取抑制假說的正確是值得進(jìn)一步商榷與研究的。為探索部分線索效應(yīng)作用機(jī)制真正的產(chǎn)生原因,在本研究設(shè)計(jì)的兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用的是單因素完全隨機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),不同線索詞(單類線索詞和混合線索詞)為組間變量來探討究竟是線索詞的提供導(dǎo)致編碼策略的破壞從而出現(xiàn)部分線索效應(yīng),還是線索詞的提供導(dǎo)致線索詞的早期內(nèi)隱提取,抑制了非線索詞的激活水平,從而回憶成績(jī)受到影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)提供的單獨(dú)水果類線索詞并未破壞被試對(duì)于動(dòng)物類別詞語的記憶時(shí),被試對(duì)動(dòng)物類別的記憶成績(jī)同樣受到了影響,部分線索效應(yīng)依然出現(xiàn),同時(shí)單類線索組和混合線索組的回憶成績(jī)差異不顯著,這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果否定了策略破壞假說,支持了提取抑制假說。實(shí)驗(yàn)二在實(shí)驗(yàn)一結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步去驗(yàn)證在對(duì)部分線索效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生原因的解釋上,提取抑制假說的正確性。實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用2(線索材料:表內(nèi)和表外)×3(線索數(shù)量:5個(gè)、10個(gè)和15個(gè))組間設(shè)計(jì),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,不管線索詞是詞表內(nèi)還是詞表外,它們的回憶成績(jī)隨著線索詞提供數(shù)量的增加而降低,并且詞表內(nèi)線索詞所引發(fā)的部分線索效應(yīng)大于詞表外線索。這說明線索項(xiàng)目的表征強(qiáng)度越大,對(duì)非線索詞的抑制程度就更加的明顯,從而所引起的部分線索效應(yīng)越大,進(jìn)而驗(yàn)證了提取抑制假說對(duì)于部分線索效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象解釋的正確性。綜上所述,本研究的兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果都證明了提取抑制假說對(duì)于部分線索效應(yīng)解釋的正確性,說明引起部分線索效應(yīng)的原因是線索詞的提供增加了這部分線索詞的項(xiàng)目表征強(qiáng)度,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致它們?cè)缙诘膬?nèi)隱提取,從而抑制了非線索詞的激活水平,降低了它們的提取成績(jī),出現(xiàn)部分線索效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:The partial cues effect refers to the study and memory of some materials. In the test stage, some of the material used before the test is provided as a clue to recollection of the remaining items. The result shows that the memory performance of the subjects is rather than no clue, that is, the result is worse than the free memory. Slamecka was first discovered and proposed in a word list task experiment in 1968. So far, the explanation of the mechanism of partial cues effect is mainly focused on the following two hypotheses: the strategy destruction hypothesis and the extraction inhibition hypothesis. When some words are used as cue words, it disrupts the memory strategies in the brains of the subjects, interferes with the sequence of information organized by the subjects in the memory process and leads to the emergence of some clues. The extraction inhibition hypothesis suggests that the presentation of clues leads to the enhancement of these material items. This enhancement makes it possible. The cue words are extracted in the early stage of the test, and the early implicit extraction of the clue words directly inhibits the characterization of the non cue words, which leads to the reduction of the activation level and the emergence of some clues. In the past, there are four shortcomings in the experimental proof of the strategy destruction hypothesis and the extraction inhibition hypothesis: first, the previous scholars were There is a lack of in-depth research on the reason that the clue words that provide the same location also produce some clues. Second, the previous experiments on the strategy destruction hypothesis have proved that the coding strategy is generally equated with the serialization strategy; third, the other way of thinking of the strategy destruction hypothesis is to use the experimental materials with different task difficulty, but it is practical. The lower the difficulty of the experimental materials, the degree of association between the items is different and the degree of familiarity of the experimental materials is different. Fourth, many of the previous studies on the extraction inhibition hypothesis have been concentrated on proving that the change of the project characterization is persistent, but only the results of the rememristor rememristor are still affected to extract the inhibition false. It is worth further discussion and research. In order to explore the real cause of the mechanism of the partial clue effect, in the two experiments of this study, the experiment one adopts the single factor complete random design, and the different cue words (single cue words and mixed clue words) are the inter group variables to discuss whether the clue words are provided. The result of the destruction of the coding strategy leads to a partial cue effect, or the supply of cue words that leads to the early implicit extraction of the cue words, restraining the activation level of the non cue words and the effect of the recollection of the results. The memory scores of the subjects were also affected, and some clues still appeared, while the differences in the memory scores of the single cue group and the mixed clue group were not significant. The experimental results negated the strategy destruction hypothesis and supported the extraction inhibition hypothesis. Experiment two was further verified on the basis of the experimental conclusion. The correctness of the inhibition hypothesis was extracted from the explanation of the cause of partial cueing effect. Experiment two was designed with 2 (cued material: out of watch and out of watch) x 3 (clues number: 5, 10 and 15). The experimental results showed that whether the cue words were in the word list or the word list, their memory scores decreased with the increase of the number of cue words. The partial clue effect caused by the word list of the word list is larger than the exterior line of the word list. This shows that the greater the intensity of the clue item is, the more obvious the inhibition of the non cue words, the greater the part of the cues effect, and the correctness of the explanation of the phenomenon of the partial clue effect. To sum up, two experimental results in this study all demonstrate the correctness of the extraction inhibition hypothesis for the explanation of partial cues effect, indicating that the cause of some clues effect is that the supply of cues increases the intensity of the item characterization of this part of the cue word, which leads to their early implicit extraction, thus inhibiting the non cue words. The activation level decreased their retrieval performance and some cue effect appeared.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842
本文編號(hào)：2162210
[Abstract]:The partial cues effect refers to the study and memory of some materials. In the test stage, some of the material used before the test is provided as a clue to recollection of the remaining items. The result shows that the memory performance of the subjects is rather than no clue, that is, the result is worse than the free memory. Slamecka was first discovered and proposed in a word list task experiment in 1968. So far, the explanation of the mechanism of partial cues effect is mainly focused on the following two hypotheses: the strategy destruction hypothesis and the extraction inhibition hypothesis. When some words are used as cue words, it disrupts the memory strategies in the brains of the subjects, interferes with the sequence of information organized by the subjects in the memory process and leads to the emergence of some clues. The extraction inhibition hypothesis suggests that the presentation of clues leads to the enhancement of these material items. This enhancement makes it possible. The cue words are extracted in the early stage of the test, and the early implicit extraction of the clue words directly inhibits the characterization of the non cue words, which leads to the reduction of the activation level and the emergence of some clues. In the past, there are four shortcomings in the experimental proof of the strategy destruction hypothesis and the extraction inhibition hypothesis: first, the previous scholars were There is a lack of in-depth research on the reason that the clue words that provide the same location also produce some clues. Second, the previous experiments on the strategy destruction hypothesis have proved that the coding strategy is generally equated with the serialization strategy; third, the other way of thinking of the strategy destruction hypothesis is to use the experimental materials with different task difficulty, but it is practical. The lower the difficulty of the experimental materials, the degree of association between the items is different and the degree of familiarity of the experimental materials is different. Fourth, many of the previous studies on the extraction inhibition hypothesis have been concentrated on proving that the change of the project characterization is persistent, but only the results of the rememristor rememristor are still affected to extract the inhibition false. It is worth further discussion and research. In order to explore the real cause of the mechanism of the partial clue effect, in the two experiments of this study, the experiment one adopts the single factor complete random design, and the different cue words (single cue words and mixed clue words) are the inter group variables to discuss whether the clue words are provided. The result of the destruction of the coding strategy leads to a partial cue effect, or the supply of cue words that leads to the early implicit extraction of the cue words, restraining the activation level of the non cue words and the effect of the recollection of the results. The memory scores of the subjects were also affected, and some clues still appeared, while the differences in the memory scores of the single cue group and the mixed clue group were not significant. The experimental results negated the strategy destruction hypothesis and supported the extraction inhibition hypothesis. Experiment two was further verified on the basis of the experimental conclusion. The correctness of the inhibition hypothesis was extracted from the explanation of the cause of partial cueing effect. Experiment two was designed with 2 (cued material: out of watch and out of watch) x 3 (clues number: 5, 10 and 15). The experimental results showed that whether the cue words were in the word list or the word list, their memory scores decreased with the increase of the number of cue words. The partial clue effect caused by the word list of the word list is larger than the exterior line of the word list. This shows that the greater the intensity of the clue item is, the more obvious the inhibition of the non cue words, the greater the part of the cues effect, and the correctness of the explanation of the phenomenon of the partial clue effect. To sum up, two experimental results in this study all demonstrate the correctness of the extraction inhibition hypothesis for the explanation of partial cues effect, indicating that the cause of some clues effect is that the supply of cues increases the intensity of the item characterization of this part of the cue word, which leads to their early implicit extraction, thus inhibiting the non cue words. The activation level decreased their retrieval performance and some cue effect appeared.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842
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