【摘要】：目前國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于錯(cuò)誤適應(yīng)、錯(cuò)誤加工的研究少之又少，且大都停留在對(duì)國(guó)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的綜述階段；而國(guó)外已有的研究中，大都采用簡(jiǎn)單匹配任務(wù)范式考察錯(cuò)誤適應(yīng)。事實(shí)上，簡(jiǎn)單匹配任務(wù)中的錯(cuò)誤適應(yīng)效應(yīng)更多是一種注意效應(yīng)，而非適應(yīng)現(xiàn)象。真正能考察錯(cuò)誤適應(yīng)效應(yīng)的任務(wù)應(yīng)具有一定的復(fù)雜情境，而簡(jiǎn)單辨別任務(wù)在多項(xiàng)研究中被證實(shí)涉及多種認(rèn)知加工且存在多種解題策略，符合這種復(fù)雜要求。 此外，本研究還考察了心算中是否存在沖突適應(yīng)效應(yīng)。該效應(yīng)的特征整合理論認(rèn)為被試經(jīng)歷沖突后加強(qiáng)了對(duì)刺激-反應(yīng)聯(lián)結(jié)的記憶，從而導(dǎo)致行為改善；但如果在心算中，存在大量的算術(shù)問(wèn)題與各種可能的解，對(duì)前一試次的聯(lián)結(jié)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化又有什么幫助呢？ 為此，本研究采用乘法辨別任務(wù)范式，，使用2（N-1干擾因素：無(wú)關(guān)水平，距離1水平）×2（當(dāng)前干擾因素：無(wú)關(guān)水平、距離1水平）被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)考察被試在簡(jiǎn)單心算任務(wù)中的錯(cuò)誤適應(yīng)效應(yīng)與沖突適應(yīng)效應(yīng)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)： （1）錯(cuò)誤后反應(yīng)顯著慢于正確后反應(yīng)，且錯(cuò)誤后準(zhǔn)確率顯著大于正確后準(zhǔn)確率； （2）任務(wù)中設(shè)計(jì)的高沖突試次與低沖突試次的反應(yīng)時(shí)與準(zhǔn)確率差異，即干擾效應(yīng)達(dá)到顯著水平；但并沒(méi)有觀察到前一試次的沖突水平會(huì)當(dāng)前試次的反應(yīng)時(shí)和準(zhǔn)確率造成影響。 （3）干擾效應(yīng)在經(jīng)歷了高沖突試次后并沒(méi)有減少：就反應(yīng)時(shí)來(lái)說(shuō)，干擾效應(yīng)不受前一試次沖突水平的影響，幾乎沒(méi)有變化了；就準(zhǔn)確率來(lái)說(shuō)，高沖突試次反而導(dǎo)致了干擾效應(yīng)的增大。
[Abstract]:At present, there are very few researches on error processing in China, and most of them remain at the stage of review of relevant foreign literature. However, most of the existing researches abroad use simple matching task paradigm to investigate error adaptation. In fact, the error adaptation effect in simple matching task is more a kind of attention effect than an adaptation phenomenon. The task that can truly examine the effect of error adaptation should have a certain complex situation, but the simple discrimination task has been proved to involve multiple cognitive processes and multiple problem-solving strategies in many studies, which accords with this complex requirement. In addition, this study also examined whether there is a conflict adaptation effect in mental arithmetic. The characteristic integration theory of this effect holds that the participants' memory of stimulus-response association is enhanced after experiencing conflict, which leads to the improvement of behavior. However, there are a lot of arithmetic problems and various possible solutions in mental arithmetic. How does it help to strengthen the connection of the previous trial? Therefore, a multiplicative discrimination task paradigm was used in this study, using 2 (N-1 interference factors: irrelevant level, distance 1 level) 脳 2 (current interference factor: irrelevant level), Distance 1) the error adaptation effect and conflict adaptation effect of the subjects in simple mental arithmetic tasks were investigated. The results showed that: (1) the post-error response was significantly slower than the correct post-reaction. (2) the response time and accuracy of the high conflict test and the low conflict test designed in the task were significantly higher than that of the correct one, that is, the interference effect reached the significant level. However, it was not observed that the conflict level of the previous trial would have an impact on the response time and accuracy of the current trial. (3) the interference effect did not decrease after experiencing the high conflict trial: as far as reaction time was concerned, The interference effect is not affected by the conflict level of the previous trial, and it has almost no change. In terms of accuracy, the high conflict test results in the increase of the interference effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B842

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