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  本文選題：情緒 + 跨文化�。� 參考：《西南大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：情緒在日常生活和人類進化中都起到非常重要的作用,它包含積極情緒和消極情緒兩個獨立的維度。由于情緒加工過程受到生物因素和文化因素的雙重影響,情緒既具有普遍性又具有文化特異性。情緒的文化特異性主要表現(xiàn)在不同文化模式下的情緒體驗是不同的。眾多研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)個體主義文化模式下個體以兩極的方式體驗情緒,集體主義文化模式下個體則以中庸、辯證的方式體驗情緒,具體表現(xiàn)為個體主義文化比集體主義文化的個體具有更多的積極情緒和消極情緒,同時積極情緒和消極情緒呈顯著負相關(guān)。此外,性別也是影響情緒的一個重要因素,在情緒識別、情緒記憶、情緒易感性和情緒表達等方面男性和女性都存在著顯著的差異,總體來說,女性對消極情緒信息更敏感。現(xiàn)階段大量的情緒跨文化研究都是針對東西方文化的對比,而缺少對同一國家內(nèi)部的亞文化研究。我國是個多民族國家,很多民族都有自己的語言、文字、習俗和宗教信仰,也就擁有自身的亞文化特點,因此不同的民族間就會產(chǎn)生文化差異,然而關(guān)于我國民族間情緒差異的實證研究還鮮有見到。在中國文化背景下,不同民族間的亞文化差異對情緒會產(chǎn)生哪些具體的影響,其中的認知機制是什么?針對這些問題,本學位論文通過一個問卷調(diào)查和兩個行為實驗來探討文化、性別和認知因素對情緒的影響。 研究一采用積極消極情緒量表(PAN AS)調(diào)查維吾爾族和漢族成年人的情緒差異,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)維吾爾族被試比漢族被試同時具有更多的積極情緒和消極情緒。此外,男性比女性具有更多的積極情緒,然而在消極情緒上沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)顯著的性別差異。 情緒感受包括情緒識別、情緒記憶、情緒評價和情緒調(diào)節(jié)等過程,其中情緒識別和情緒記憶是情緒加工過程的基礎(chǔ)階段。情緒的認知加工過程中會涉及到感知覺、注意、記憶和控制等認知活動。研究二比較了不同民族和不同性別被試在情緒識別上的差異。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)所有被試對消極情緒的反應(yīng)時間顯著長于積極情緒,對消極情緒出現(xiàn)了注意維持現(xiàn)象,這表明由于消極情緒具有更大的生物重要性,因此需要對其進行更深更精細的認知加工；同時,維吾爾族對所有情緒的反應(yīng)時間都顯著長于漢族被試,這說明維吾爾族被試出現(xiàn)了類似的深度認知加工效應(yīng)。 研究三采用“學習—再認”范式探討了不同民族和不同性別被試在情緒記憶上的差異。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)被試對消極情緒的再認反應(yīng)時間顯著長于積極情緒,維吾爾族的再認反應(yīng)時間顯著長于漢族,這與情緒識別的結(jié)果類似,進一步驗證了注意在情緒加工過程中起到的重要作用。此外,性別與情緒在反應(yīng)時上出現(xiàn)顯著的交互作用,女性對消極情緒的反應(yīng)時顯著長于男性,這可能與女性對消極情緒具有更高的認知卷入度有關(guān)。 綜上所述,文化和性別分別各自地對情緒產(chǎn)生影響,兩者間沒有顯著的交互作用。文化因素同時影響積極情緒和消極情緒,性別因素主要影響積極情緒。維吾爾族更偏向于個體主義文化的情緒表現(xiàn),但同時受到一定的集體主義文化影響。人類對消極情緒信息出現(xiàn)注意維持現(xiàn)象,對消極情緒進行了更深更復雜的認知加工。維吾爾族被試對情緒信息出現(xiàn)“情緒偏向”效應(yīng),在情緒識別和情緒再認任務(wù)中都產(chǎn)生了注意脫離困難,這說明維吾爾族被試比漢族被試對情緒信息投入了更多的認知資源,對情緒信息進行了更深度更精細的加工。女性對消極情緒的認知加工偏好導致對積極情緒的加工不夠,這可能是女性具有更少的積極情緒的原因之一。
[Abstract]:Emotion plays a very important role in both daily life and human evolution. It contains two independent dimensions of positive and negative emotions. Due to the dual influence of biological and cultural factors, emotional processing is both universally and culturally specific. The cultural specificity of emotion is mainly expressed in different texts. The emotional experience in the model is different. Many research results show that individuals experience emotions in the mode of two poles under the individualistic culture mode. Under the collective culture model, the individual experience emotion with moderation and dialectical way, which shows that the individualist culture has more positive emotion and elimination than the individual of the collective sense culture. There is a significant negative correlation between positive emotion and negative emotion. In addition, gender is also an important factor affecting emotion. There are significant differences between men and women in emotion recognition, emotional memory, emotional susceptibility and emotional expression. In general, women are more sensitive to negative emotional information. A large number of emotions are in the present stage. The study of ready cross culture is aimed at the contrast between the eastern and Western cultures, and the lack of subcultural studies in the same country. China is a multi-ethnic country. Many ethnic groups have their own language, words, customs and religious beliefs, and they also have their own subcultural characteristics. Therefore, cultural differences will be produced between different nationalities. There are few empirical studies on the differences between ethnic groups. In the context of Chinese culture, what specific effects are subcultural differences among different ethnic groups on emotions, and what are the cognitive mechanisms of them? In this thesis, a questionnaire survey and two behavioral experiments are used to explore cultural, gender and cognitive factors. The influence of the mood.
A positive negative emotion scale (PAN AS) was used to investigate the emotional differences between Uygur and Han adults. The results showed that Uygur subjects had more positive and negative emotions than the Han subjects. In addition, men had more positive emotions than women, but they did not find significant gender differences in negative emotions. Different.
Emotional feelings include emotional recognition, emotional memory, emotional evaluation and emotional regulation. Emotional recognition and emotional memory are the basic stages of emotional processing. Cognitive processes in the process of emotional cognitive processing involve perceptual perception, attention, memory and control. Two the subjects of different nationalities and different sexes are compared. The results showed that all the participants responded to negative emotions significantly longer than positive emotions, and that the attention maintained on negative emotions showed that negative emotions had greater biological importance because of negative emotions, so it was necessary to have a deeper and more detailed recognition process; at the same time, the Uygur people were against all emotions. The time required was significantly longer than that of Han subjects, indicating that the Uygur subjects had similar deep cognitive processing effects.
Study three studied the differences in emotional memory of different ethnic and gender subjects using the "learning and recognition" paradigm. The results showed that the reactivity time of negative emotions was significantly longer than positive emotions, and the Uygur recognition reaction time was significantly longer than that of the Han nationality, which was similar to the result of emotional recognition. It is intended to play an important role in the process of emotional processing. In addition, there is a significant interaction between sex and emotion, and the response of women to negative emotions is significantly longer than that of men, which may be related to higher cognitive volume of negative emotions in women.
To sum up, culture and sex affect their emotions separately. There is no significant interaction between them. Cultural factors also affect positive and negative emotions, and gender factors mainly affect positive emotions. Uygur is more biased towards the emotional expression of individualistic culture, but is influenced by a certain collectivist culture at the same time. In the Uygur people, the Uygur people have had a "emotional bias" effect on the emotional information, and the Uygur people have taken attention out of the emotional identification and emotional recognition tasks. This indicates that the Uygur people are tested on the emotional information than the Han people. More cognitive resources are invested, and emotional information is processed in a deeper and more refined way. The cognitive processing preference of women to negative emotions leads to insufficient processing of positive emotions, which may be one of the reasons why women have less positive emotions.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：2115982