本文選題：心理定勢(shì) + 形聲字　； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：心理定勢(shì)是心理活動(dòng)的一種準(zhǔn)備狀態(tài),是在知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)的影響下解決問題時(shí)的傾向性。早在19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初,就有大量學(xué)者研究心理定勢(shì)在日常生活中的重要性,并將其作為解釋一切心理現(xiàn)象的核心概念。繼Luchins經(jīng)典水罐實(shí)驗(yàn)范式后,對(duì)心理定勢(shì)研究多在此基礎(chǔ)上或?qū)ζ涓木庍M(jìn)而研究心理定勢(shì)過程。但水罐實(shí)驗(yàn)無法直接通過被試的反應(yīng)結(jié)果分析被試是否打破了心理定勢(shì),并且難以用于研究心理定勢(shì)相關(guān)的神經(jīng)生理機(jī)制。關(guān)于心理定勢(shì)打破相關(guān)的神經(jīng)機(jī)制研究,大多是從頓悟問題解決中的限制解除和組塊破解角度出發(fā)的。但是頓悟問題解決中的心理定勢(shì)打破過程,打破的是長時(shí)記憶中的有關(guān)的知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn),與實(shí)驗(yàn)室情境中習(xí)得的、短時(shí)記憶打破的心理定勢(shì)不同。 基于形聲字規(guī)則性效應(yīng),通過三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)考察心理定勢(shì)形成和心理定勢(shì)打破的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)機(jī)制。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)： 實(shí)驗(yàn)一在部首一致情況下,心理定勢(shì)引導(dǎo)條件的多個(gè)規(guī)則字讓被試形成心理定勢(shì)——相同部首與聲旁組合成的漢字其讀音與聲旁相同。結(jié)果表明心理定勢(shì)引導(dǎo)條件的規(guī)則字反應(yīng)時(shí)顯著快于對(duì)照組,其正確率也顯著高于對(duì)照組,即形聲字命名任務(wù)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下誘發(fā)了心理定勢(shì)；但心理定勢(shì)打破效應(yīng)不顯著。實(shí)驗(yàn)一表明形聲字規(guī)則性效應(yīng)能有效形成心理定勢(shì)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二在實(shí)驗(yàn)一的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步匹配材料,在部首不一致時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)心理定勢(shì)形成效應(yīng)顯著,同時(shí)心理定勢(shì)打破效應(yīng)也顯著——心理定勢(shì)引導(dǎo)條件的不規(guī)則字反應(yīng)時(shí)顯著長于對(duì)照組,其正確率顯著低于對(duì)照組。 以實(shí)驗(yàn)一和實(shí)驗(yàn)二為基礎(chǔ),實(shí)驗(yàn)三采用ERP技術(shù),通過比較心理定勢(shì)引導(dǎo)條件規(guī)則字與對(duì)照條件探討心理定勢(shì)形成效應(yīng),比較心理定勢(shì)引導(dǎo)條件不規(guī)則字與對(duì)照條件探討心理定勢(shì)打破效應(yīng)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在250-400ms時(shí)間窗內(nèi),心理定勢(shì)引導(dǎo)條件規(guī)則字相比對(duì)照條件有更大的正走向成分P250-400,可能與記憶更新、編碼和檢索有關(guān),表明在心理定勢(shì)形成條件時(shí)的促進(jìn)效應(yīng)。而在400-800ms時(shí)間窗內(nèi),心理定勢(shì)引導(dǎo)條件不規(guī)則字與對(duì)照條件相比有一個(gè)更小的負(fù)成分N400-800,與心理定勢(shì)效應(yīng)的抑制有關(guān),進(jìn)而促進(jìn)心理定勢(shì)打破過程。
[Abstract]:Mental stereotype is a state of preparation of psychological activity, which is the tendency of solving problems under the influence of knowledge and experience. As early as the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, a large number of scholars have studied the importance of psychological stereotype in daily life, and regard it as the core concept to explain all psychological phenomena. After Luchins' classical experimental paradigm of water tank, the study of psychological stereotype is based on it or adapted to study the process of psychological stereotype. However, the water pot experiment could not directly analyze whether the subjects broke the psychological stereotype or not, and could not be used to study the neurophysiological mechanism related to psychological setting. Most of the researches on the neural mechanism of mental stereotype breaking are based on the lifting of the limitation in the solution of epiphany problem and the breaking of the block. But the process of mental stereotype breaking in the problem solving of epiphany is different from the mental stereotype acquired in laboratory and broken in short time memory by breaking the knowledge and experience of long term memory. Based on the regular effect of phonetic characters, the cognitive neural mechanism of mental stereotype formation and mental stereotype breaking is investigated through three experiments. The results show that in the case of consistent radical, many regular words of mental stereotype lead the subjects to form psychological stereotype-the pronunciation and sound side of the Chinese characters combined with the same radical and sound side are the same. The results showed that the reaction time of regular words under mental stereotype guidance conditions was significantly faster than that of the control group, and its correct rate was significantly higher than that of the control group, that is, the naming task of pictophonetic characters induced psychological stereotype under laboratory conditions, but the breaking effect of mental stereotype was not significant. Experiment 1 shows that the regular effect of phonetic characters can effectively form psychological stereotype. Experiment two further matched the material on the basis of experiment 1. When the radical was inconsistent, it was found that the psychological stereotype formation effect was significant. At the same time, the breaking effect of mental stereotype was also significant-the time of irregular character reaction of mental stereotype guiding condition was significantly longer than that of control group, and its correct rate was significantly lower than that of control group. On the basis of experiment 1 and experiment 2, experiment 3 uses ERP technology to discuss the forming effect of mental stereotype by comparing the words of mental set leading condition rule with that of control condition. To explore the effect of breaking mental stereotype by comparing the abnormal words of mental stereotype with that of control. The results showed that, in the 250-400ms time window, the P250-400, which may be related to memory renewal, coding and retrieval, was more positive than the control condition, indicating the promoting effect in the forming condition of mental set. In the 400-800ms time window, there is a smaller negative component N400-800 in the mental stereotype leading irregular words compared with the control condition, which is related to the inhibition of the psychological stereotype effect, and then promotes the mental stereotype breaking process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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