發(fā)布時間：2018-06-23 18:43

  本文選題：時空干擾不對稱 + 量值理論　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：時間和空間存在緊密聯(lián)系。在心理學(xué)研究中,研究者主要關(guān)注時間加工和空間加工的相互影響�？臻g距離有空距離和實距離之分,空距離即相繼呈現(xiàn)的離散刺激之間的距離,如點與點之間的距離;實距離即連續(xù)刺激形成的距離,如線段的長度。與此相對應(yīng),時間也有空時距和實時距兩種形式,空時距與空距離相對應(yīng),即只有起止刺激,以間隔的方式呈現(xiàn)的時間;實時距與實距離相對應(yīng),即實距離從出現(xiàn)到消失之間持續(xù)的時間。對于空時距-空距離的研究表明,時間加工和空間加工之間存在相互干擾,典型的例子是kappa效應(yīng)和Tau效應(yīng);在實時距-實距離的研究中,空間影響時間加工,時間卻不影響空間加工,二者之間存在著不對稱的干擾�，F(xiàn)有研究對于這種不對稱干擾現(xiàn)象的解釋主要有兩種理論取向:量值理論和隱喻理論。量值理論認(rèn)為時間和空間同屬一個廣義量值系統(tǒng),二者只是表征這個系統(tǒng)的維度,而時空干擾不對稱現(xiàn)象的原因可能是實驗的任務(wù)等無關(guān)因素,并不能真實反映二者之間的關(guān)系;與此相反,隱喻理論則認(rèn)為時空干擾不對稱現(xiàn)象則是由于日常生活中感知運動經(jīng)驗和語言的使用造成的,個體更多地使用空間詞去描述時間詞,語言中時間和空間的不對稱擴展到了基本感知覺領(lǐng)域,使得個體對于空間距離的加工影響了其加工時間,而時間加工卻不影響個體的加工空間距離。先前有關(guān)時空干擾不對稱現(xiàn)象的研究多采用復(fù)制法,以秒以上的刺激呈現(xiàn)時間進行實驗。由于復(fù)制法要求被試在行為上主動參與,當(dāng)呈現(xiàn)時間較長時復(fù)制法容易受到記憶等因素的影響,因此在有些條件下其準(zhǔn)確性低于簡單的時距辨別任務(wù)。認(rèn)知分段綜合模型認(rèn)為,時間認(rèn)知具有分段性,不同的時間范圍對應(yīng)不同特點的計時機制。因此有必要擴大時間范圍,以秒以下的時距作為刺激呈現(xiàn)時間,并以比較法進行實驗,考察時距信息是否影響空間加工。其次,隱喻理論雖然能夠解釋時空干擾不對稱現(xiàn)象,個體在復(fù)制時距時會受到無關(guān)的空間量值信息的干擾,但是空間量值信息是以怎樣的形式影響個體最終確定的時間量值呢?量值信息的貝葉斯整合的觀點啟發(fā)我們可以利用貝葉斯估計對時空干擾不對稱現(xiàn)象進行更深入的解釋。我們用兩個實驗探討上述的兩個問題。實驗一采用比較法和秒以下的刺激呈現(xiàn)時間考察時距信息對空間距離加工的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),比較時距的長短不能顯著影響被試對于線段長度的知覺。這與先前研究的結(jié)果一致,即時距長短不會影響個體的空間距離知覺。實驗二依然采用比較法進行實驗,我們擴大了線段長度的范圍至九種,基于隱喻理論構(gòu)造了貝葉斯模型;并對理想觀察者模型進行了改進,將個體的時距判斷任務(wù)分為三個階段:信號輸入階段,貝葉斯整合階段,決策階段。信號輸入階段中,物理刺激量值轉(zhuǎn)換為心理量值時有兩種可能的表征形式:線性表征和對數(shù)表征。因此我們構(gòu)造了線性表征模型和對數(shù)表征模型,通過模型擬合來考察哪種模型能夠更好地解釋空間對時間加工的影響。實驗二的結(jié)果分為兩部分:首先采用和實驗一同樣的回歸分析方法考察線段長度對時距知覺的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)線段長度顯著影響個體的時距知覺,符合隱喻理論的假設(shè),此結(jié)果和實驗一的結(jié)果一起再次證實了時空干擾不對稱現(xiàn)象的存在;其次,數(shù)據(jù)擬合發(fā)現(xiàn),對數(shù)表征模型能夠更好地擬合實驗數(shù)據(jù)。通過兩個實驗,我們得出以下結(jié)論:時空干擾不對稱現(xiàn)象確實存在,且不受實驗方法和刺激呈現(xiàn)時間的影響;以量值信息的貝葉斯整合對時空干擾不對稱現(xiàn)象進行解釋,對數(shù)表征模型更符合個體的行為表現(xiàn);結(jié)合模式控制模型并對理想觀察者模型進行改進,能夠?qū)r空干擾不對稱現(xiàn)象進行更為深入的解釋。
[Abstract]:In psychological research, the researchers focus on the interaction between time processing and space processing. Space distance has an empty distance and a real distance, and the distance is the distance between discrete stimuli, such as the distance between points and points; the real distance is the distance formed by a continuous stimulus, such as a line segment. Length. Corresponding to this, time also has two forms of space time distance and real time distance. The space time distance corresponds to the empty distance, that is, only starting and stopping stimulation, the time that is presented in a spaced way; the real-time distance corresponds to the real distance, that is the real distance from the appearance to the disappearance. There is mutual interference between inter processing, the typical examples are the kappa effect and the Tau effect. In the study of real distance real distance, space affects time processing and time does not affect space processing. There are asymmetric interference between the two. There are two kinds of theoretical orientations for the interpretation of this asymmetric interference phenomenon: quantity theory The theory of metaphorical theory. The theory of value value holds that time and space belong to a generalized value system. The two is only the dimension of the system, and the reason for the asymmetry of time and space interference may be unrelated factors such as the task of the experiment, and can not truly reflect the relationship between the two, and the metaphor theory, on the contrary, thinks that the interference of space and time is not correct. The phenomenon is caused by the perception of sports experience and the use of language in daily life. Individuals use more space words to describe time words. The asymmetry of time and space in language extends to the field of perception, which makes the processing time affected by the processing of space distance, while time processing does not affect the individual. Processing space distance. Previous studies on spatiotemporal disturbance asymmetry mainly use replication method, with more than second stimulus time to experiment. Because the replication method requires the participants to participate actively in behavior, the replication method is easily affected by memory and other factors when the time is longer, so the accuracy is lower in some conditions. A simple time distance discrimination task. The cognitive segmentation comprehensive model holds that time cognition is piecewise and different time ranges correspond to the timing mechanism of different characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the time range, take the time distance below second as the stimulus time, and to verify whether the time distance information affects the space processing. Although metaphorical theory can explain the asymmetry of spatiotemporal interference, the individual is disturbed by the unrelated spatial value information at the time of replication, but in what form does the spatial value information affect the individual's final time value? The view of Bayesian integration of the amount of information can be inspired by Bayesian estimation. We use two experiments to discuss the two problems mentioned above. In experiment one, the effect of time distance information on spatial distance processing is investigated by comparing the time interval of the comparison method and below the second. The results show that the length of the distance can not significantly affect the perception of the length of the line. The results of previous studies agree that the length of the distance does not affect the spatial distance perception of the individual. Experiment two still uses the comparison method to carry out the experiment. We expand the range of the length of the line segment to nine kinds, construct the Bayesian model based on the metaphor theory, and improve the ideal observer model, and divide the individual time distance judgment into three. In the phase of the signal input phase, the Bayes integration stage, the decision stage. In the signal input phase, there are two possible forms of characterization: the linear representation and the logarithm representation. Therefore, we construct the linear representation model and the logarithm representation model, and investigate which model can be better by the model fitting. The effect of space on time processing is explained. The results of experiment two are divided into two parts: first, the effect of line length on temporal distance perception is investigated by the same regression analysis method with experiment one. The result shows that the length of line segment significantly affects the temporal perception of the individual, which conforms to the hypothesis of metaphorical theory, and this result is again confirmed with the result of experiment one. Secondly, the data fitting shows that the logarithmic representation model can better fit the experimental data. Through the two experiments, we draw the following conclusion: the spatio-temporal interference asymmetry does exist, and is not influenced by the experimental method and the time of the stimulus presentation; the Bayesian integration of the amount of information on time and space The interference asymmetry is explained, and the logarithmic representation model is more consistent with the individual behavior performance, and the model control model combined with the ideal observer model can explain the spatiotemporal disturbance asymmetry more deeply.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：2058050