本文選題：晚習(xí)得、非均衡雙語(yǔ)者 + 雙語(yǔ)認(rèn)知優(yōu)勢(shì)　； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),雙語(yǔ)者的認(rèn)知優(yōu)勢(shì)引起了研究者的廣泛關(guān)注,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)雙語(yǔ)者在抑制、監(jiān)控和切換等執(zhí)行控制成分中存在優(yōu)勢(shì)。以往研究大多選取早習(xí)得、均衡雙語(yǔ)者為研究對(duì)象,而晚習(xí)得、非均衡雙語(yǔ)者也是雙語(yǔ)群體的一部分,并占有相當(dāng)大比例。因此本研究欲對(duì)晚習(xí)得、非均衡雙語(yǔ)者進(jìn)行研究。本研究選取了39名漢語(yǔ)單語(yǔ)者和35名晚習(xí)得、非均衡雙語(yǔ)者。研究采用Simon任務(wù)、ANT任務(wù)(Attention Network Task)和顏色-形狀切換任務(wù)分別考察單、雙語(yǔ)者在抑制、監(jiān)控和切換成分上的差異,每種任務(wù)都分別設(shè)置了簡(jiǎn)單和復(fù)雜兩種難度。研究結(jié)果顯示:(1)在Simon任務(wù)中,難度和一致性主效應(yīng)顯著,語(yǔ)言主效應(yīng)不顯著,Simon效應(yīng)的組間差異不顯著。但雙語(yǔ)者在復(fù)雜任務(wù)中的Simon效應(yīng)顯著小于簡(jiǎn)單任務(wù);(2)在ANT任務(wù)中,簡(jiǎn)單條件下,一致性主效應(yīng)顯著,語(yǔ)言和難度主效應(yīng),以及ANT效應(yīng)的組間差異不顯著。復(fù)雜條件下,一致性和語(yǔ)言主效應(yīng)顯著,難度主效應(yīng)和ANT效應(yīng)的組間差異不顯著,在總體反應(yīng)時(shí)上單語(yǔ)者顯著快于雙語(yǔ)者;(3)在顏色—形狀切換任務(wù)中,試次和線索(難度)主效應(yīng)顯著,語(yǔ)言主效應(yīng)不顯著。切換成本的組間差異顯著,雙語(yǔ)者的切換成本顯著小于單語(yǔ)者�；旌铣杀镜慕M間差異不顯著。因此本研究得出以下結(jié)論:(1)晚習(xí)得、非均衡雙語(yǔ)者存在執(zhí)行控制優(yōu)勢(shì),這種優(yōu)勢(shì)表現(xiàn)在完成Simon任務(wù)和顏色-形狀切換任務(wù)時(shí)。因此,晚習(xí)得、非均衡雙語(yǔ)者的認(rèn)知優(yōu)勢(shì)并不是在執(zhí)行控制的所有成分中都有表現(xiàn)。(2)任務(wù)難度會(huì)影響晚習(xí)得、非均衡雙語(yǔ)者的執(zhí)行控制功能,他們?cè)谌蝿?wù)難度較高的條件下更容易表現(xiàn)出認(rèn)知優(yōu)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the cognitive advantages of bilinguals have attracted wide attention of researchers. Some studies have found that bilinguals have advantages in executive control components such as inhibition, monitoring and switching. Most previous studies have focused on early acquisition and balanced bilingualism, while late acquisition, disequilibrium bilingualism is also part of the bilingual population and accounts for a large proportion. Therefore, this study is intended to study late-acquired, non-balanced bilinguals. In this study, 39 monolinguals and 35 late-acquired, unbalanced bilinguals were selected. In this study, Attention task and color-shape task were used to examine the differences in suppression, monitoring and switching components. Each task was simple and complex. The results showed that: (1) in Simon's task, the main effects of difficulty and consistency were significant, but the differences between groups of Simon effect were not significant. However, the Simon effect in complex tasks was significantly lower than that in simple tasks; (2) in ant tasks, the consistency effect was significant, language and difficulty effects, and ant effects were not significantly different among groups. Under complex conditions, consistency and linguistic effects were significant, but there were no significant differences between groups of difficulty and ant effects. Monolinguals were significantly faster than bilinguals in overall response time. (3) in color-shape switching tasks, The main effect of test and clue (difficulty) is significant, but the main effect of language is not significant. The switching cost was significantly different between groups, and the switching cost of bilinguals was significantly lower than that of monolinguals. There was no significant difference between the mixed cost groups. Therefore, this study draws the following conclusions: (1) in late acquisition, unbalanced bilinguals have executive control advantages, which are manifested in the completion of Simon tasks and color-shape switching tasks. Therefore, the cognitive advantage of late acquisition and unbalanced bilinguals is not shown in all components of executive control. (2) the difficulty of task will affect the executive control function of late acquisition and unbalanced bilinguals. They are more likely to show cognitive advantages when the task is more difficult.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B842.1

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本文編號(hào)：2050356