本文選題：安全感 + 稀缺��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：安全感是決定心理健康最重要的因素。一個人如果缺乏安全感,心理成長就會停滯。而具有安全感的人才能自由的渴望更高層次的人生需要。成長經(jīng)歷、社會文化、自然環(huán)境的差異會造成每個人擁有不同水平的安全感。稀缺理論闡述了個體在面對資源匱乏時會形成稀缺心態(tài)。稀缺資源總是能俘獲個體注意力,占據(jù)認知資源,削弱個體在其他任務(wù)上的能力。所以在威脅安全感的情境下,當(dāng)個體安全感需要被激活時,低安全感水平個體會形成安全感資源稀缺心態(tài)而高安全感個體不會,這可能導(dǎo)致兩組個體對認知資源的分配存在差異,從而影響個體在其他任務(wù)上認知功能、執(zhí)行功能的發(fā)揮,甚至對其決策傾向產(chǎn)生影響。本研究基于稀缺理論通過3個實驗層層遞進地考察安全感是如何影響個體決策過程的。研究一通過點探測任務(wù)考察個體在安全感需要被激活時,高、低安全感水平對滿足安全需要相關(guān)信息的注意偏向的影響,驗證低安全感個體是否更為關(guān)注與滿足安全需要相關(guān)的信息。研究二通過瑞文測驗和空間Stroop任務(wù)考察安全感需要被激活時,低安全感組的個體是否會由于關(guān)注安全需要相關(guān)信息,產(chǎn)生認知負荷,導(dǎo)致高、低安全感兩組被試的認知和執(zhí)行功能產(chǎn)生差異。研究三通過決策任務(wù),考察安全感需要被激活時,高、低安全感個體在執(zhí)行功能上產(chǎn)生的差異,以及該差異是否會進一步對個體的決策過程產(chǎn)生影響。結(jié)論如下:(1)當(dāng)安全感需要未被激活時,高安全感組和低安全感組個體均未表現(xiàn)出對安全感相關(guān)詞匯的注意偏向;當(dāng)安全感需要被激活時,高安全感組和低安全感組個體均表現(xiàn)出對安全感相關(guān)詞匯的注意偏向;高安全感組執(zhí)行點探測任務(wù)的反應(yīng)時比低安全感組短。(2)當(dāng)安全感需要未被激活時,高安全感組和低安全感組個體的認知、執(zhí)行功能沒有存在顯著差異。當(dāng)安全感需要被激活時,低安全感組的認知和執(zhí)行功能顯著低于高安全感組。具體表現(xiàn)為在瑞文測驗和空間Stroop任務(wù)中,低安全感組的正確率顯著低于高安全感組;在空間Stroop任務(wù)中,低安全感組的沖突量顯著大于高安全感組。(3)當(dāng)安全感需要未被激活時,高安全感組和低安全感組個體的執(zhí)行功能和決策過程不存在顯著差異。當(dāng)安全感需要被激活時,安全感水平不僅影響個體的執(zhí)行功能,甚至影響個體的決策過程。低安全感組相比于高安全感組更傾向于做出保守決策,而且決策時間更長。
[Abstract]:Security is the most important determinant of mental health. If a person is insecure, psychological growth will stagnate. And those who feel safe can be free to yearn for higher life needs. Differences in growth experience, social culture, and natural environment lead to a different level of security for everyone. Scarcity theory expounds that individuals will form a scarcity mentality in the face of resource scarcity. Scarce resources always capture the individual's attention, occupy cognitive resources and weaken the individual's ability in other tasks. So in the context of threatening security, when individual security needs to be activated, individuals with low security levels will form a sense of security that resources are scarce and individuals with high security will not. This may lead to differences in the allocation of cognitive resources between the two groups, thus affecting the cognitive and executive functions of individuals in other tasks and even their decision-making tendencies. Based on scarcity theory, three experiments are conducted to investigate how the sense of security affects the individual decision-making process. Study one examines the effects of high and low security levels on the attention bias of individuals to information related to security needs when security needs are activated through point detection missions. Verify that low-security individuals pay more attention to information related to meeting security needs. In the second study, when the sense of security needs to be activated through the Raven test and the spatial Stroop task, whether the individuals in the low security group would have a high cognitive burden due to the concern for the information related to security needs, There were differences in cognitive and executive functions between the two groups. Through decision-making tasks, the third study examines the differences in executive functions of individuals with high and low security when they need to be activated, and whether the differences will further influence the decision-making process of individuals. The conclusion is as follows: (1) when the need for security is not activated, the individuals in both the high and low security groups do not show an attentional bias towards the words related to the sense of security, and when the sense of security needs to be activated, The individuals of the high security group and the low security group both showed an attentional bias towards the words related to security; the response time of the high security group to the point detection task was shorter than that of the low security group.) when the need for security was not activated, the response time of the high security group was shorter than that of the low security group. There was no significant difference in cognition and executive function between the high security group and the low security group. When the sense of security needs to be activated, the cognitive and executive functions of the low-security group were significantly lower than those of the high-security group. In the Raven test and the spatial Stroop task, the accuracy rate of the low security group was significantly lower than that of the high security group; in the spatial Stroop task, the conflict rate of the low security group was significantly higher than that of the high security group. There was no significant difference in executive function and decision-making process between the high security group and the low security group. When the sense of security needs to be activated, the level of security not only affects the executive function of the individual, but also affects the decision-making process of the individual. The low-security group is more likely to make conservative decision than the high-security group, and the decision time is longer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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