本文選題：老年人 + 沖突控制策略��； 參考：《西北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：日常生活中，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)面臨一些困難和復(fù)雜的情境，這時(shí)就要求我們對(duì)繁多的信息做出選擇和判斷，調(diào)用認(rèn)知資源來(lái)對(duì)信息進(jìn)行加工和控制，從而調(diào)節(jié)自身行為順利克服困難。沖突控制作為認(rèn)知控制加工成分中的一個(gè)重要部分，指的是個(gè)體在沖突或者存有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的情境中克服無(wú)關(guān)信息，選擇相關(guān)信息的過(guò)程，體現(xiàn)了認(rèn)知控制的行為監(jiān)控和沖突解決能力。按照雙重認(rèn)知控制理論的劃分，沖突控制策略可以分為主動(dòng)性控制策略和反應(yīng)性控制策略兩種形式，這兩種沖突控制策略在沖突解決的過(guò)程當(dāng)中協(xié)同作用。主動(dòng)性控制需要個(gè)體在反應(yīng)前維持對(duì)線索的持續(xù)性激活，受自上而下的信息加工影響較大；而反應(yīng)性控制是指?jìng)�(gè)體在反應(yīng)時(shí)對(duì)先前信息進(jìn)行暫時(shí)的激活，受自下而上的信息加工影響較大，在不同的背景下，兩種沖突控制策略靈活調(diào)節(jié)，以最有利的方式來(lái)解決當(dāng)前出現(xiàn)的困難。 老年人心理健康問題已成為研究者們關(guān)注的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)，而隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，老年人解決沖突以及對(duì)沖突的控制能力也會(huì)隨之下降，對(duì)老年人的沖突控制策略進(jìn)行研究有利于幫助和指導(dǎo)老年人更好的解決生活中的困難。 關(guān)于意識(shí)狀態(tài)與沖突控制的研究也已成為研究者的一個(gè)關(guān)注點(diǎn)，意識(shí)條件下能夠引發(fā)沖突控制這一結(jié)論已不存在異議，但是無(wú)意識(shí)條件下能否引發(fā)個(gè)體對(duì)沖突的控制仍然有很大的爭(zhēng)論，此外關(guān)于意識(shí)狀態(tài)的差異與沖突控制策略關(guān)系的研究也少之又少。 本研究旨在探討老年人與青年人的沖突控制策略差異，以及無(wú)意識(shí)狀態(tài)下沖突控制策略的特點(diǎn)。本研究以老年人和大學(xué)生為被試，設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)一探討老年人與青年人沖突控制策略的差異，，實(shí)驗(yàn)二將無(wú)意識(shí)沖突作為一個(gè)研究條件探討老年人和青年人在沖突處于無(wú)意識(shí)狀態(tài)時(shí)，對(duì)于沖突的控制策略有何特點(diǎn)。研究采用操作不同沖突比例的數(shù)字Stroop任務(wù)，實(shí)驗(yàn)二與實(shí)驗(yàn)一不同的是實(shí)驗(yàn)二對(duì)啟動(dòng)刺激進(jìn)行了前后掩蔽，使啟動(dòng)刺激處于無(wú)意識(shí)條件狀態(tài)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：（1）從反應(yīng)時(shí)結(jié)果來(lái)看，在不同沖突情境下老年人和青年人都采用了主動(dòng)性控制的策略對(duì)沖突進(jìn)行控制，青年人的主動(dòng)性控制能力比老年人更強(qiáng)；不同沖突情境下青年人和老年人都沒有表現(xiàn)出典型的沖突適應(yīng)效應(yīng)，反應(yīng)時(shí)結(jié)果沒有反映出兩組被試的反應(yīng)性控制。（2）準(zhǔn)確率結(jié)果中兩組被試沒有表現(xiàn)出主動(dòng)性控制策略的使用，但都表現(xiàn)出了反應(yīng)性控制策略的使用，且老年人反應(yīng)性控制比青年人更突出。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：（1）從反應(yīng)時(shí)結(jié)果來(lái)看，無(wú)意識(shí)狀態(tài)下青年人和老年人都采用主動(dòng)性控制策略進(jìn)行沖突控制，但青年人的主動(dòng)性控制能力比老年人更強(qiáng)，且受到無(wú)意識(shí)沖突干擾影響更大；無(wú)意識(shí)狀態(tài)下老年人和青年人沒有表現(xiàn)出明顯的反應(yīng)性控制。（2）正確率的結(jié)果上表現(xiàn)為青年人采取了主動(dòng)性控制的策略，老年人沒有表現(xiàn)出明顯的主動(dòng)性控制，兩組被試都沒有表現(xiàn)出明顯的反應(yīng)性控制。 基于以上結(jié)果，本研究認(rèn)為老年人主動(dòng)性控制能力較年輕人相比有所下降；無(wú)意識(shí)狀態(tài)下兩組被試都能進(jìn)行沖突控制，但青年人的沖突控制能力比老年人更強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:In daily life , we often face some difficult and complex situations . At this time , we ask us to make choices and judgements about many kinds of information , call cognitive resources to process and control information , so as to adjust its behavior smoothly . As a key part of cognitive control processing components , conflict control can be divided into two forms : initiative control strategy and reactive control strategy .
The reactive control refers to the temporary activation of the previous information at the time of the reaction , which is influenced by the bottom - up information processing . In different contexts , the two conflict control strategies are flexibly adjusted to solve the present difficulties in the most favorable way .

The mental health problem of the elderly has become a hot spot of the researchers , and with the increase of the age , the resolution of the old people and the ability to control the conflict will decrease , and the research on the conflict control strategy of the old people will help to help and guide the older people to better solve the difficulties in their lives .

The research on the state of consciousness and the conflict control has also become a concern of the researchers , and there is no objection to the conclusion that the conflict control can be initiated under the condition of consciousness , but whether the control of the conflict can be raised under the condition of lack of awareness still has a great debate , and the research on the relationship between the consciousness state and the conflict control strategy is also rare .

The purpose of this study is to explore the conflict control strategy between the elderly and young people and the characteristics of the conflict control strategy under the unconscious state . In this study , the differences between the old people and the young people in the conflict control strategy are designed . Two experiments are conducted to discuss the difference between the old people and the young people ' s conflict control strategy .

The results of this study found that : ( 1 ) In the case of different conflict situations , the old people and young people adopt the strategy of initiative control to control the conflict , and the initiative control ability of the young people is stronger than the old people .
There was no typical conflict adaptation effect in both young and old people in different conflict situations . The results of the response did not reflect the reactive control of the two groups .

The results of the experiment showed that : ( 1 ) In the view of the results of the reaction , both young people and old people in the unconscious state had a conflict control by adopting the initiative control strategy , but the initiative control ability of the young people was stronger than that of the old people , and the influence of the unconscious conflict was greater ;
In the unconscious state , the aged and the young people did not show obvious reactivity control . ( 2 ) The results of the correct rate showed that the young people adopted the strategy of initiative control , the old people did not show obvious initiative control , and both groups showed no obvious reactivity control .

Based on the above results , the study concluded that the control ability of the elderly was lower than that of young people .
In the unconscious state , both groups were tested for conflict control , but the conflict - control capacity of young people was stronger than that of older persons .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B844.4

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本文編號(hào)：2029336