發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-10 14:30

  本文選題：寬恕 + 親社會(huì)聲譽(yù)��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：從人際交往到群體合作,背叛事件的發(fā)生難以避免。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn),當(dāng)冒犯和背叛發(fā)生時(shí),只有采取懲罰才能夠維持群體的合作水平,而對(duì)于冒犯者的寬恕則會(huì)導(dǎo)致群體合作水平的降低并為寬恕者帶來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。近年來(lái),心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究也提出,寬恕可能會(huì)誘發(fā)再次冒犯,為寬恕者帶來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。從這一視角,寬恕為寬恕者帶來(lái)的更多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能會(huì)令寬恕者在進(jìn)化中逐漸消亡。然而,這一關(guān)注點(diǎn)與社會(huì)對(duì)寬恕的提倡以及現(xiàn)實(shí)中寬恕者的普遍存在都存在矛盾,因此本研究想要對(duì)寬恕者的留存機(jī)制進(jìn)行探究。寬恕作為一種在冒犯發(fā)生后的親社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變,以不回避和不報(bào)復(fù)的積極態(tài)度面對(duì)冒犯者和冒犯行為。這樣的動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)诋?dāng)下可能會(huì)為寬恕者帶來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但它表現(xiàn)出的親社會(huì)特征可能會(huì)為寬恕者帶來(lái)親社會(huì)的聲譽(yù),從而提升寬恕者在社會(huì)選擇中的優(yōu)勢(shì)。本研究擬從親社會(huì)聲譽(yù)的角度切入,探索寬恕對(duì)于社會(huì)選擇的影響。本研究通過三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),在實(shí)驗(yàn)室情境中對(duì)寬恕者能夠在合作進(jìn)化中穩(wěn)定留存的機(jī)制進(jìn)行了探究,共有162名被試的數(shù)據(jù)被納入數(shù)據(jù)分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)一主要探究實(shí)驗(yàn)室中對(duì)于寬恕的操作范式和寬恕對(duì)于社會(huì)選擇的大致影響方向,證明從第三方的角度,無(wú)論是從意愿還是從行為層面,在社會(huì)選擇中都更偏向于寬恕者;實(shí)驗(yàn)二完善了寬恕的操作范式和對(duì)于冒犯水平的測(cè)量方法,并對(duì)寬恕對(duì)社會(huì)選擇的影響機(jī)制進(jìn)行了探索,驗(yàn)證了親社會(huì)聲譽(yù)在寬恕對(duì)社會(huì)選擇中的中介效應(yīng);實(shí)驗(yàn)三從不同角色的角度驗(yàn)證了寬恕者在社會(huì)選擇中的優(yōu)勢(shì),并且對(duì)于不同社會(huì)價(jià)值取向個(gè)體對(duì)寬恕者的偏好進(jìn)行了探索。研究整體得出了以下結(jié)論:1)人們與寬恕者的共同游戲意愿更強(qiáng)。2)寬恕能夠帶來(lái)更高的親社會(huì)聲譽(yù),從而使寬恕者在社會(huì)選擇中獲得優(yōu)勢(shì)——親社會(huì)聲譽(yù)在寬恕對(duì)社會(huì)選擇的影響過程起到中介作用。3)從行為的角度,本研究證明,無(wú)論是在選擇未來(lái)隊(duì)友還是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)時(shí),人們都更傾向于選擇寬恕者。然而,在所需要選擇的角色不同時(shí),人們對(duì)于寬恕程度的偏好存在差異:在選擇隊(duì)友時(shí)更偏向高寬恕的人,而在選擇領(lǐng)導(dǎo)時(shí)更偏向于低寬恕的人。4)不同社會(huì)價(jià)值取向的人在社會(huì)選擇時(shí)都更偏好于寬恕者,但親社會(huì)的人對(duì)于高水平寬恕者更為敏感。本研究的結(jié)果從第三方的角度入手,驗(yàn)證了寬恕者在社會(huì)選擇中具有優(yōu)勢(shì),為寬恕者和寬恕行為沒有因?yàn)椴槐撑巡换乇芏幻胺刚呃么M,并能夠在人際互動(dòng)中廣泛存在提供了一點(diǎn)思路。
[Abstract]:From interpersonal communication to group cooperation, betrayal is inevitable. According to the traditional economics, when offense and betrayal occur, only punishment can maintain the cooperation level of the group, while forgiveness for the offender will lead to the decrease of the level of group cooperation and bring risks to the forgiving person. In recent years, psychological studies have also suggested that forgiveness may induce further offending and risk forgiving. From this perspective, the greater risks that forgiveness poses to forgiveness may lead to the gradual demise of forgiveness in evolution. However, there are contradictions between this concern and the advocacy of forgiveness in society and the universal existence of forgiveness in reality. Therefore, this study wants to explore the retention mechanism of forgiveness. Forgiveness, as a pro-social change after offence, faces offenders and offenses with a positive attitude of not evading and not retaliating. Such a change of motivation in the present may bring risks to the forgiving person, but its prosocial characteristics may bring the pardoner a pro-social reputation, thus enhancing the forgiving person's advantage in the social choice. This study aims to explore the impact of forgiveness on social choice from the perspective of pro-social reputation. Three experiments were conducted to explore the mechanism by which forgiveness could survive in cooperative evolution in a laboratory setting. A total of 162 subjects were included in the data analysis. Experiment one mainly explores the operating paradigm of forgiveness in the laboratory and the general influence direction of forgiveness on social choice, which proves that from the perspective of third party, whether from the aspect of intention or behavior, it is more inclined to forgiving in social choice. Experiment two perfected the operating paradigm of forgiveness and measured the level of affront, explored the mechanism of the influence of forgiveness on social choice, and verified the mediating effect of prosocial reputation in forgiveness on social choice. Experiment 3 verifies the advantages of forgiving people in social choice from different roles and explores the preferences of individuals with different social value orientations. The study as a whole concluded that: 1) people's willingness to play games with forgiveness is stronger. 2) forgiveness can lead to a higher pro-social reputation. So that forgiving people gain an advantage in social choice-Prosocial reputation plays an intermediary role in the influence of forgiveness on social choice. 3) from the behavioral point of view, this study proves that, whether in choosing future teammates or leadership, People are more inclined to choose the forgiving. However, when the roles needed to be chosen were different, there were differences in people's preferences for the degree of forgiveness: people who chose their teammates were more likely to forgive, However, people with different social values tend to prefer forgiving people when choosing leadership, but pro-social people are more sensitive to high-level forgiveness. The results of this study, from the perspective of third parties, demonstrate that forgiving people have advantages in social choice, and that forgiving behaviors are not used up by offenders for not betraying them and not evading them. And to be able to widely exist in interpersonal interaction provides a little thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B848

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本文編號(hào)：2003538