本文選題：強互惠 + 消極互惠��； 參考：《天津師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：強互惠行為是日常人際交往中較為普遍的現(xiàn)象,個體會對他人善意的行為表示感激和回報;也會不惜犧牲自己的利益或付出一定的代價對他人的不公平行為進行懲罰。諸多證據(jù)表明,強互惠行為的親社會傾向(積極互惠)和懲罰不公平(消極互惠)的行為傾向能夠促進和穩(wěn)定社會交往與合作。而目前對于影響強互惠行為的心理因素我們了解得并不多,因此,本研究采用經(jīng)濟博弈學(xué)中的最后通牒博弈范式和信任投資博弈范式從消極和積極兩個方面探討自我控制損耗對大學(xué)生強互惠行為的影響。實驗一采用2(自我控制損耗:高損耗,低損耗)×5(公平水平:10%,20%,30%,40%,50%)的混合實驗設(shè)計,研究自我控制損耗與公平對大學(xué)生消極互惠行為的影響。組間自變量是自我控制損耗,組內(nèi)自變量是公平水平,因變量是被試對分配提議作出的拒絕率。實驗二采用2(自我控制損耗:高損耗,低損耗)×5(信任水平:20%,40%,60%,80%,100%)的混合實驗設(shè)計,研究自我控制損耗與信任對大學(xué)生積極互惠行為的影響。組間自變量是自我控制損耗,組內(nèi)自變量是信任水平,因變量是被試對不同信任投資的平均回報金額)。兩個實驗的數(shù)據(jù)都采用SPSS17.0進行統(tǒng)計分析。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大學(xué)生在人際交互中并不是完全追求自身利益最大化,而是會關(guān)注的公平和信任因素,隨著公平水平降低,被試更傾向于犧牲自己的利益去懲罰他人,表現(xiàn)出消極互惠行為;隨著信任水平提高,個體的積極互惠行為傾向更強。自我控制損耗與公平的交互作用會使大學(xué)生的消極互惠行為變得非常復(fù)雜。在極度不公平條件下(10%-20%),高低損耗組的大學(xué)生普遍表現(xiàn)出消極互惠行為,在中等的不公平條件下(30%),自我控制損耗高的大學(xué)生更傾向于表現(xiàn)出消極互惠行為,而在較公平的條件下(40%-50%),自我控制損耗低的大學(xué)生更傾向于表現(xiàn)出消極互惠行為。自我控制損耗與信任的交互作用對大學(xué)生積極互惠的影響較弱,高自我控制損耗的個體比低自我控制損耗的個體對高度信任水平更加敏感,表現(xiàn)出更強的積極互惠傾向。
[Abstract]:The behavior of strong reciprocity is a common phenomenon in daily interpersonal communication. Individuals will express their gratitude and reward for the kind behavior of others, and they will also punish the unfair behavior of others at the expense of their own interests or at a certain price. Many evidences show that the pro-social tendency of strong reciprocity (positive reciprocity) and the tendency to punish injustice (negative reciprocity) can promote and stabilize social interaction and cooperation. At present, we do not know much about the psychological factors that influence the behavior of strong reciprocity, so, This study uses the paradigm of ultimatum game and trust and investment game paradigm in economic game theory to explore the negative and positive effects of self-control loss on college students' strong reciprocal behavior. In experiment 1, the effects of self-control loss and fairness on negative and reciprocal behaviors of college students were studied by using a mixed experiment design of 2 (Self-control loss: high loss, low loss) 脳 5 (fair level 10: 20). The inter-group independent variable is self-control loss, the independent variable in the group is the fair level, and the dependent variable is the rate of rejection of the allocation proposal. In experiment 2, a hybrid design of 2 (self-control loss: high loss, low loss) 脳 5 (trust level: 20 / 40) was used to study the effect of self-control loss and trust on positive and reciprocal behaviors of college students. Inter-group independent variable is self-control loss, intra-group independent variable is trust level, dependent variable is the average return amount of different trust investment. The data of the two experiments were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. This study found that college students do not completely pursue the maximization of their own interests in interpersonal interaction, but rather pay attention to the factors of fairness and trust. As the level of fairness decreases, the subjects are more likely to sacrifice their own interests to punish others. The positive and reciprocal behaviors of individuals tend to be stronger with the increase of trust level. The interaction between self-control loss and fairness can complicate the negative and reciprocal behaviors of college students. Under extremely unfair conditions, students in the high and low attrition group generally showed negative and reciprocal behaviors, while students with high self-control losses were more likely to show negative reciprocal behaviors under moderate unfair conditions. On the other hand, students with low self-control loss were more likely to show negative reciprocal behaviors under fair conditions. The interaction between self-control loss and trust had a weaker effect on the positive reciprocity of college students. The individuals with high self-control loss were more sensitive to the high level of trust than those with low loss of self-control and showed a stronger tendency of positive reciprocity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.2

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本文編號：2003119