本文選題：沖動(dòng)性 + 強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：不管是成人還是兒童如今超重和肥胖的趨勢(shì)都急劇增加。世界健康組織WHO指出肥胖和超重在當(dāng)今是最嚴(yán)重的公共健康問題之一。日益增長的超重群體受到更多慢性疾病的威脅。雖然肥胖有很大一部分受基因的影響,過去二十多年來的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)日益增長的肥胖與環(huán)境的作用不可小覷。最近幾十年間的快速增長和我們社會(huì)發(fā)展形成一個(gè)現(xiàn)在的致胖環(huán)境的因素極為相關(guān)。比如人們的活動(dòng)受到限制,高脂高糖和高能食物的易獲得性。當(dāng)然,除此以外還有一些心理因素也會(huì)導(dǎo)致過度進(jìn)食。個(gè)體在獎(jiǎng)賞敏感性和沖動(dòng)性上的差異或許可以預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)食物的偏好和進(jìn)食,并且,飲食模式深深地扎根于當(dāng)今社會(huì),比如高能高脂的食物已經(jīng)證明會(huì)對(duì)大腦強(qiáng)化敏感性和沖動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)有重要影響。其中一個(gè)重要因素就是對(duì)食物的沖動(dòng)性選擇。食物選擇的沖動(dòng)性是指選擇進(jìn)食主要根據(jù)即時(shí)的獎(jiǎng)賞性即當(dāng)下進(jìn)食在味覺上的享受而缺乏對(duì)長期進(jìn)食該食物對(duì)健康的影響。進(jìn)食行為的沖動(dòng)性也是指進(jìn)食動(dòng)力主要是即時(shí)的獎(jiǎng)賞性而不是長期進(jìn)食帶來的負(fù)性結(jié)果。越來越多的動(dòng)物模型以及人類腦成像的證據(jù)表明物質(zhì)相關(guān)的決策沖動(dòng)或者肥胖與背側(cè)紋狀體的功能降低有關(guān)。這種現(xiàn)象或許為學(xué)習(xí)線索的敏感性降低以及背側(cè)紋狀體的獎(jiǎng)賞功能降低提供了支持的證據(jù)。然而,對(duì)于食物相關(guān)的沖動(dòng)性決策在靜息態(tài)下背側(cè)紋狀體的內(nèi)部功能如何還不得而知。為了了解這個(gè)問題,我們采用三個(gè)研究以及靜息態(tài)功能磁共振技術(shù)(rs-fMRI)來測(cè)試成年女性的大腦活動(dòng)如何。實(shí)驗(yàn)選取了79名女性被試,年齡在17-27周歲,平均年齡為20.59。BMI在15.56-28.94之間。實(shí)驗(yàn)材料是170張不同的食物圖片包括85張高能量食物圖片和85張低能量食物圖片。采用靜息態(tài)磁共振來考察成年女性的大腦活動(dòng),我們還讓被試進(jìn)行食物評(píng)定任務(wù),在食物評(píng)定任務(wù)中被試要求根據(jù)他們對(duì)呈現(xiàn)食物的主觀味覺也就是主觀上感覺非常喜歡到非常不喜歡進(jìn)行評(píng)定;他們?nèi)绻L期進(jìn)食這種食物對(duì)健康的影響也進(jìn)行客觀的評(píng)定,程度為非常不健康到非常健康,最后從十張圖片(五張高能量和五張低能量食物圖片)中選取他們各自在味覺和健康上評(píng)定為中性的圖片作為參考圖片,然后在決策任務(wù)中讓他們一一將呈現(xiàn)的圖片與參考的食物圖片進(jìn)行比較選擇吃參考的食物還是呈現(xiàn)的食物。研究一的結(jié)果顯示,只有對(duì)高能量食物的決策強(qiáng)度與食物的沖動(dòng)性決策相關(guān),沖動(dòng)性決策與低能量食物的決策強(qiáng)度并無關(guān)系。因?yàn)楦吣芰渴澄锏臎Q策強(qiáng)度與沖動(dòng)性量表BIS-11呈正相關(guān),與DEBQ-EX分量表也呈顯著相關(guān)。靜息態(tài)磁共振的結(jié)果顯示食物相關(guān)的沖動(dòng)性決策越高背側(cè)紋狀體尤其是背側(cè)尾狀核的自發(fā)性局部一致性越低,而食物相關(guān)的沖動(dòng)性決策越高雙側(cè)楔葉的自發(fā)性局部一致性ReHo值更高。這一結(jié)果可能預(yù)示著尾狀核的反應(yīng)是與沖動(dòng)性相關(guān)。背側(cè)紋狀體(尾狀核)在高沖動(dòng)性個(gè)體中對(duì)獎(jiǎng)賞反饋物的感覺鈍化使得他們更容易忽略獎(jiǎng)賞可能會(huì)帶來的不利結(jié)果。鑒于楔葉在視覺注意以及對(duì)視覺加工的基本階段的重要作用,我們的結(jié)果進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了對(duì)食物決策有沖動(dòng)性的個(gè)體在注意力上更容易或保持對(duì)美味高能食物的關(guān)注,并且表現(xiàn)出對(duì)食物獎(jiǎng)賞的預(yù)期。在隨后研究二的功能連接中我們以雙側(cè)楔葉和尾狀核為種子點(diǎn)發(fā)現(xiàn)食物相關(guān)的沖動(dòng)性決策越高尾狀核與殼核的功能連接強(qiáng)度越低。這一結(jié)果揭示了食物選擇相關(guān)的高沖動(dòng)性決策個(gè)體從目標(biāo)指導(dǎo)行為向習(xí)慣化行為的轉(zhuǎn)換。背側(cè)尾狀核到左側(cè)眶額葉皮層的功能連接強(qiáng)度與對(duì)高能量食物圖片的決策強(qiáng)度呈正相關(guān)。這或許是背側(cè)尾狀核和外側(cè)眶額葉皮質(zhì)內(nèi)部整合功能的增加,而這種功能的提高有助于編碼美味食物的獎(jiǎng)賞價(jià)值,表現(xiàn)出高度自動(dòng)化的特質(zhì)。左側(cè)楔葉到右側(cè)海馬旁回與高能量食物的決策呈顯著正相關(guān)。對(duì)食物選擇的沖動(dòng)性越高右側(cè)楔葉到右側(cè)輔助運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)的功能連接強(qiáng)度越強(qiáng)。這說明食物選擇高沖動(dòng)性的個(gè)體在視覺網(wǎng)絡(luò)與感覺運(yùn)動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有高敏感性。研究三進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)六個(gè)月后BMI變化率越高和背側(cè)紋狀體(尾狀核)和殼核的功能連接強(qiáng)度越低。這個(gè)結(jié)果可能揭示了在決策中背側(cè)尾狀核對(duì)獎(jiǎng)賞信號(hào)的敏感性降低伴隨著目標(biāo)指導(dǎo)行為(主要由背側(cè)尾狀核調(diào)節(jié))向習(xí)慣化行為(主要由殼核調(diào)節(jié))的轉(zhuǎn)變,而這種轉(zhuǎn)變與未來體重的增加以及沖動(dòng)性的增強(qiáng)有關(guān)�？傊�,此研究拓寬了我們對(duì)食物相關(guān)的沖動(dòng)性決策在靜息態(tài)下的神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)的認(rèn)識(shí),也為未來體重增加提供了生物標(biāo)記的證據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The World Health Organization WHO points out that obesity and overweight are one of the most serious public health problems today. The growing overweight group is threatened by more chronic diseases. Although obesity has a large part of the gene, it has been in the past more than 20 years. The study found that growing obesity and the role of the environment can't be underestimated. The rapid growth in the last few decades has been extremely related to the formation of a present fatter environment in our society, such as people's activities being restricted, high fat and high sugar and high energy food availability. Excessive eating. Individual differences in reward sensitivity and impulsiveness may predict food preferences and eating, and dietary patterns are deeply rooted in today's society, such as high energy and high fat food, which has proved to have an important impact on the brain's enhanced sensitivity and impulse control system. One of the important factors is that Impulsiveness of food. The impulsiveness of food selection refers to the choice of eating mainly based on immediate reward, that is, the enjoyment of food on the taste, and the lack of effect on the health of the food. The impulsivity of eating behavior is also the motive of feeding motivation mainly in the immediate reward rather than the negative result of long-term eating. More and more animal models and evidence for human brain imaging have shown that material related decision impulses or obesity are associated with decreased function in the dorsal striatum. This phenomenon may provide evidence for lower sensitivity of learning clues and lower reward function in the dorsal striatum, however, for food related impulsivity. In order to understand this problem, we used three studies and resting state functional magnetic resonance (rs-fMRI) to test the brain activity of adult women. The experiment selected 79 female subjects at age 17-27, and the average age was 20.59.BMI in 15.56-28. .94 between 170 different food pictures, including 85 high energy food pictures and 85 low energy food pictures. Resting state magnetic resonance (MRI) was used to examine the brain activity of adult women. We also asked the subjects to carry out the food assessment task. In the food assessment task, the subjects were asked to be based on their subjective taste for food. Subjectively, it feels very dislike to be very dislike of evaluation; if they eat the food for a long time, they also have an objective assessment of the health effects. They are very unhealthy and very healthy. Finally, they choose their taste and health from ten pictures (five high energy and five low energy food). The results show that only the decision intensity for high energy food is associated with impulsive decision making for food, impulsive decision making and low energy. The decision intensity of the amount of food was not related, because the decision intensity of high energy food was positively correlated with the Impulsivity Scale BIS-11, and was also significantly related to the DEBQ-EX subscale. The higher the spontaneous local consistency ReHo of the bilateral cuneate is higher, the higher the relative impulse decision is, the result may indicate that the reaction of the caudate nucleus is associated with impulsivity. The dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus) in the highly impulsive individual's sensory passivation of reward feedback makes them easier to ignore the adverse results that the reward may bring. In view of the importance of the wedge in visual attention and the basic stage of visual processing, our results further confirm that individuals who are impulsive to food decision-making are more likely to focus on the attention of the delicacy high energy food, and show the expectation of food rewards. Bilateral cuneate and caudate nuclei found that the higher the food related impulse decision was, the higher the functional connection strength of the caudate nucleus and the putamen was lower. The results revealed the transition from the target directed behavior to the habitual behavior of the food selection related high impulsive decision making individuals. The functional connectivity intensity of the dorsal caudate nucleus to the left orbital frontal cortex. There is a positive correlation with the decision intensity of high energy food pictures. This may be an increase in the internal integration of the dorsal caudate nucleus and the lateral orbital frontal cortex, which helps to encode the rewarding value of the delicious food, and shows a highly automated trait. The left cuneate leaves to the right side of the hippocampus and the high energy food The higher the impulsiveness for food selection, the stronger the functional connectivity of the right cuneate to the right auxiliary motor area. This shows that the individuals with high impulsivity in the food selection have Gao Min sensibility in the visual network and sensory network. Study three further found that the higher the rate of BMI changes after six months and the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus) and the shell The lower the strength of the functional connection of the nucleus. This result may reveal that the sensitivity of the dorsal caudate nucleus to the reward signal in the decision is accompanied by the direction of the target (mainly regulated by the dorsal caudate nucleus) to the habitual behavior (mainly regulated by the putamen), which is associated with an increase in the future weight and the enhancement of impulsiveness. In conclusion, this study broadens our understanding of the neural basis of food related impulsive decision making in the resting state, and also provides evidence of biomarkers for future weight gain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 陳學(xué)松;楊宜民;;強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)研究綜述[J];計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用研究;2010年08期

2 吳巖峰;張建秋;譚釗安;楊建偉;李樹明;;245名男性罪犯沖動(dòng)行為特征分析[J];中華行為醫(yī)學(xué)與腦科學(xué)雜志;2009年10期

，

本文編號(hào)：1987652