本文選題：自我構(gòu)念 + 蒙漢大學(xué)生��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自我構(gòu)念一直是心理學(xué)中的核心話題，近年來(lái)隨著心理學(xué)研究框架向文化-社會(huì)-心理-腦-基因模式的轉(zhuǎn)變，關(guān)于自我構(gòu)念跨文化心理學(xué)的研究更是受到了普遍關(guān)注除了對(duì)自我構(gòu)念的文化差異研究外，研究者們逐漸熱衷于自我構(gòu)念與個(gè)體的心理過(guò)程(如知覺(jué)記憶思維等)和行為的關(guān)系研究 已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自我構(gòu)念存在典型的文化差異，并會(huì)對(duì)個(gè)體的認(rèn)知過(guò)程和外顯行為帶來(lái)影響受到東亞文化影響的人們以集體主義文化價(jià)值取向?yàn)橹�，個(gè)體容易形成互依型自我構(gòu)念；而受到西歐和北美文化影響的人們則以個(gè)體主義文化價(jià)值取向?yàn)橹�，個(gè)體容易形成獨(dú)立型自我構(gòu)念不同的自我構(gòu)念類型又會(huì)對(duì)個(gè)體的知覺(jué)特點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生影響?yīng)毩⑿妥晕覂A向的個(gè)體大多關(guān)注區(qū)別于背景的凸顯對(duì)象，容易形成獨(dú)立于背景的分析式知覺(jué)特點(diǎn)；互依型自我傾向的個(gè)體則更加關(guān)注于背景以及對(duì)象與背景的關(guān)系，往往形成依賴于背景的整體式知覺(jué)特點(diǎn) 以往的研究多集中在對(duì)歐美個(gè)體與東亞日本人中國(guó)人進(jìn)行的跨文化比較研究，而對(duì)蒙古族個(gè)體的比較研究較少本研究首次以蒙古族為研究對(duì)象，使用自我構(gòu)念量表(SCS)測(cè)查不同文化背景下蒙漢大學(xué)生自我構(gòu)念特點(diǎn)及其差異，又通過(guò)行為學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)與眼動(dòng)技術(shù)考察蒙漢大學(xué)生自我構(gòu)念的差異對(duì)其知覺(jué)特點(diǎn)的影響，并通過(guò)文化啟動(dòng)范式進(jìn)一步探討了自我構(gòu)念啟動(dòng)下的知覺(jué)變化特點(diǎn)，初步探索了文化-自我-認(rèn)知（知覺(jué)）之間的關(guān)系研究結(jié)果顯示： (1)蒙漢大學(xué)生自我構(gòu)念存在顯著差異漢族大學(xué)生自我構(gòu)念的互依型大于獨(dú)立型，形成了以互依型為主的自我構(gòu)念；外蒙蒙古族大學(xué)生（簡(jiǎn)稱外蒙大學(xué)生，下同）則自我構(gòu)念的獨(dú)立型大于互依型，形成了以獨(dú)立型為主的自我構(gòu)念；內(nèi)蒙蒙古族大學(xué)生（簡(jiǎn)稱內(nèi)蒙大學(xué)生，下同）的自我構(gòu)念表現(xiàn)為互依型大于獨(dú)立型 (2)蒙漢大學(xué)生自我構(gòu)念差異導(dǎo)致知覺(jué)特點(diǎn)不同傾向于互依型自我構(gòu)念的漢族和內(nèi)蒙蒙古族大學(xué)生，在完成整體字母知覺(jué)任務(wù)時(shí)反應(yīng)時(shí)快于部分任務(wù)，表現(xiàn)為整體占優(yōu)勢(shì)的知覺(jué)特點(diǎn)而傾向于獨(dú)立型自我構(gòu)念的外蒙古大學(xué)生，則在部分字母知覺(jué)任務(wù)反應(yīng)時(shí)快于整體任務(wù)，表現(xiàn)為部分占優(yōu)勢(shì)的知覺(jué)特點(diǎn) (3)眼動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，蒙漢大學(xué)生在觀看場(chǎng)景圖片時(shí)，對(duì)物體注視遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于對(duì)背景的注視在觀看物體-背景不一致圖片時(shí)，蒙漢大學(xué)生在注視物體和背景區(qū)域上的眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)存在顯著差異：在物體區(qū)的注視時(shí)間和次數(shù)上，外蒙古被試顯著高于漢族和內(nèi)蒙古被試；而對(duì)于背景區(qū)的注視和興趣區(qū)回視，漢族和內(nèi)蒙古被試則顯著高于外蒙古被試，說(shuō)明漢族和內(nèi)蒙大學(xué)生更關(guān)注背景及物體與背景的關(guān)系，外蒙大學(xué)生更關(guān)注前景物體 (4)文化啟動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在獨(dú)立型自我構(gòu)念啟動(dòng)條件下，蒙漢大學(xué)生在部分字母任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)更好于整體字母,傾向于部分占優(yōu)勢(shì)的知覺(jué)特點(diǎn)；在互依型自我構(gòu)念啟動(dòng)條件下，，蒙漢大學(xué)生則在整體字母任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)好于部分字母任務(wù)，傾向于整體占優(yōu)勢(shì)的知覺(jué)特點(diǎn) 因此可得出以下研究結(jié)論： 1.內(nèi)蒙古蒙古族大學(xué)生和漢族大學(xué)的自我構(gòu)念表現(xiàn)為互依型傾向特點(diǎn)，外蒙古大學(xué)生表現(xiàn)出獨(dú)立型傾向，文化差異及文化融合對(duì)自我構(gòu)念有影響作用 2.行為學(xué)和眼動(dòng)兩個(gè)層面的研究表明，不同自我構(gòu)念傾向性對(duì)個(gè)體的知覺(jué)認(rèn)知有著影響作用漢族和內(nèi)蒙古蒙古族大學(xué)生更傾向整體優(yōu)勢(shì)認(rèn)知，而外蒙古大學(xué)生更傾向于局部?jī)?yōu)勢(shì)認(rèn)知 3.文化啟動(dòng)條件下，自我構(gòu)念的即時(shí)變化導(dǎo)致知覺(jué)加工的變化，說(shuō)明文化啟動(dòng)效應(yīng)下自我構(gòu)念變化造成知覺(jué)的改變
[Abstract]:Self construction has always been the core topic in psychology. In recent years, with the transformation of psychology research framework to culture social psychology brain gene model, the research on self construction of cross-cultural psychology has attracted more and more attention. The relationship between body mental processes (such as perceptual memory thinking, etc.) and behavior
It has been found that there are typical cultural differences in self construction, and that people who have influenced the cognitive process and explicit behavior of the individual are dominated by the collectivist cultural value orientation, and the individual is easy to form an interdependent self structure, while people influenced by Western European and North American cultures are individualistic. Based on the orientation of the value orientation, the individual easily forms the independent self structure of the different self construal type and the individual that affects the individual's perceptual characteristics, most of the individuals who are independent of the individual self tendencies are mostly concerned with the prominent objects that differ from the background, and are easy to form an independent analysis perception point independent of the background; the individuals with mutual dependent self tendencies are more closely related. The relationship between background and object and background tends to form a holistic perceptual feature depending on the background.
The previous research focused on the cross-cultural comparative study of the European and American individuals and the Japanese people in East Asia, while the comparative study of the Mongolian individuals was the first to take the Mongolian as the research object. The self construction scale (SCS) was used to examine the characteristics and differences of the self construction of the Mongolian and Chinese College Students under different cultural backgrounds. The influence of the differences of self construction between Mongolian and Chinese college students on the perceptual characteristics of Mongolian and Chinese college students was investigated, and the characteristics of the perceptual changes under the start of self construction were further explored through the cultural start - up paradigm, and the results of the relationship between culture self - cognition (perception) were explored.
(1) there is a significant difference between the self construction of the Mongolian and Chinese college students, and the mutual dependence of the self construction of the Han students is greater than that of the independent type. The self construction of ancient college students (Inner Mongolia college students and the same below) is more dependent than independent.
(2) the difference between the self construction of the Mongolian and Chinese college students leads to the Han and Inner Mongolia Mongolian College students who are different in the characteristics of mutual dependence, which are faster than a part of the task while completing the overall letter perception task. The foreign students of Mongolia who tend to be independent of the independent self structure are in part. The reaction time of letter perception task is faster than that of the whole task.
(3) the data of eye movement experiments show that there is a significant difference between Mongolian and Chinese students' eye movements on objects and background areas when watching pictures of the scene, which is far higher than that of the background. The eye movement of the Mongolian and Chinese students in the object and the background area is significantly different. In the object area, the watching time and the number of times, the outside Mongolia is tested. It is higher than the Han and Inner Mongolia subjects, while the Han and Inner Mongolia subjects are significantly higher than those in the outside Mongolia. The Han and Inner Mongolia college students are more concerned with the background and the relationship between the background and the background, and the college students are more concerned with the foreground objects.
(4) cultural initiation experiments show that under the condition of independent self construction, the Mongolian and Chinese students are better than the whole alphabet on some letter tasks, and tend to be partly dominant. Under the condition of interdependence self construction, the Mongolian and Chinese students are better than some letter tasks on the whole letter task. The perceptual characteristics of the overall dominance
Therefore, we can draw the following conclusions:
1. the self construction of the Mongolian College Students and the Han University in Inner Mongolia is characterized by mutual dependence, and the college students in Mongolia show an independent tendency. Cultural differences and cultural integration have an impact on self construction.
2. studies of two aspects of behavioral and eye movements showed that different self tendencies had an influence on individual perception and cognition, the Han and Inner Mongolia Mongolian College students were more inclined to the overall dominance, while those in Mongolia were more inclined to local dominance cognition.
3. under the condition of cultural initiation, the immediate change of self construal leads to the change of perceptual processing, which indicates that the change of self perception is caused by the cultural priming effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.2

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