本文選題：群體認同 + 自我不確定性��； 參考：《蘇州大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：內群偏愛是社會心理學關注的熱點之一，指個體偏愛自己所屬群體及群體成員。然而，近來研究發(fā)現，個體并非偏愛群體內的所有成員，在某些情況下也會過度貶損那些對群體造成不利影響的個別成員（害群之馬效應）。但過度貶損是基于維護內群形象的目的，所以說，害群之馬效應是內群偏愛的反轉，更是內群偏愛的特殊表現形式。通過對中外相關文獻的梳理發(fā)現，以往研究大都在群際比較情境下探討內群偏愛現象以及害群之馬效應，基于此，本研究在群內情境下，探討內群偏愛和害群之馬效應的影響因素。 研究一采用單因素設計，探討群體認同程度對內群偏愛的影響。研究發(fā)現，（1）在沒有群際比較的情境下，內群偏愛現象和害群之馬效應依然存在；（2）群體認同程度對內群偏愛有顯著影響，即高認同的被試更加積極評定內群（內群偏愛現象），且更加消極評定內群個別成員（害群之馬效應）；并且被試的年齡、年級與內群偏愛評定相關不顯著，性別與內群個別成員的評定相關顯著。 研究二采用2×2組間設計，探討群體認同程度和自我不確定性對內群偏愛的影響。對內群評定的研究發(fā)現，（1）群體認同程度對內群評定沒有顯著影響；（2）自我不確定性對內群評定沒有顯著影響；（3）群體認同程度和自我不確定性之間交互作用也不顯著，但對被試內群評定進一步分析發(fā)現，雖然控制條件不同，被試仍傾向于積極評定內群，維護內群形象。對內群個別成員評定的研究發(fā)現，（1）群體認同程度對內群個別成員評定有顯著影響，即高認同的被試更加貶損個別成員；（2）自我不確定性對內群個別成員評定也有顯著影響，即自我不確定性條件下的被試更加貶損個別成員；（3）群體認同程度和自我不確定性之間存在顯著交互作用，在低認同條件下，自我不確定條件比自我確定條件的被試更加貶損內群個別成員。 然而，在現實社會生活中，人們的認同是動態(tài)變化且復雜多樣的。為此，研究三采用2×2的組間設計，探討群體認同類型和自我不確定性對內群偏愛的影響。對內群評定的研究發(fā)現，（1）群體認同類型對內群評定有顯著影響，，即單元認同比多元認同的被試更加積極評定內群；（2）自我不確定性對內群評定沒有顯著影響；（3）群體認同類型和自我不確定性之間交互作用不顯著。對內群個別成員評定的研究發(fā)現，（1）群體認同類型對內群個別成員評定沒有顯著影響；（2）自我不確定性對內群個別成員評定有顯著影響，即自我確定條件下的被試更加貶損個別成員；（3）群體認同類型和自我不確定性之間交互作用顯著，單元認同條件下，自我確定性條件比自我不確定性條件下的被試更加貶損內群個別成員。
[Abstract]:Group preference is one of the hot topics in social psychology, which refers to the individual preference for their own group and group members. However, recent studies have found that individuals do not favour all members of a group, and in some cases excessively derogate from individual members who have adverse effects on the group (the black sheep effect). However, excessive derogation is based on the purpose of maintaining the image of the inner group. Therefore, the black sheep effect is the reversal of the inner group preference and the special form of the inner group preference. By combing the relevant literature, we find that most of the previous studies have discussed the phenomenon of intra-group preference and the effect of the black sheep in the context of inter-group comparison. Based on this, this study is based on the intra-group situation. To explore the influence factors of inner group preference and black sheep effect. In the first study, single factor design was used to investigate the effect of group identity on inner group preference. It was found that in the absence of inter-group comparison, the phenomenon of intra-group preference and the black sheep effect still existed.) the degree of group identity had significant influence on intra-group preference. That is, the subjects with high identity were more active in assessing the inner group (the phenomenon of inner group preference), and more negatively evaluated the individual members of the inner group (black sheep effect), and the age, grade and group preference of the subjects were not significantly correlated. Gender was significantly correlated with the evaluation of individual members of the group. In the second study, 2 脳 2 intergroup design was used to investigate the effects of group identity and self-uncertainty on intra-group preference. It was found that the degree of group identification had no significant effect on the evaluation of inner group. (2) Self-uncertainty had no significant effect on the evaluation of inner group. (3) the interaction between the degree of group identity and self-uncertainty was not significant. However, the further analysis of the inner group evaluation found that although the control conditions are different, the subjects still tend to actively evaluate the inner group and maintain the image of the inner group. The study on the evaluation of individual members of the inner group found that the degree of group identity had a significant effect on the evaluation of individual members of the inner group, that is, the subjects with high identity had a significant impact on the assessment of individual members of the inner group, that is, the subjects with high identity were more derogatory to the individual members. In other words, there was a significant interaction between the degree of group identity and self-uncertainty of individual members under the condition of self-uncertainty, and under the condition of low identity, there was a significant interaction between the degree of group identity and self-uncertainty. Self-uncertainty condition was more derogatory than self-determinate condition subjects. However, in real life, people's identity is dynamic and complex and diverse. Therefore, the influence of group identity type and self-uncertainty on intra-group preference was studied by using 2 脳 2 inter-group design. The study of inner group evaluation found that the type of group identity had significant influence on inner group evaluation. That is, unit identity was more active than multiple identity subjects in evaluating inner group. (2) Self-uncertainty had no significant effect on internal group evaluation. (3) interaction between group identity type and self-uncertainty was not significant. The study on the evaluation of individual members of the inner group found that the type of group identity had no significant effect on the evaluation of individual members of the inner group. (2) Self-uncertainty had a significant effect on the assessment of individual members of the inner group. That is, the interaction between group identification type and self-uncertainty was significant in self-determined subjects, and in the condition of unit identity, the interaction between group identity type and self-uncertainty was significant, while in the condition of unit identity, the interaction between group identity type and self-uncertainty was significant. Self-deterministic condition is more derogatory than self-uncertainty condition.
【學位授予單位】：蘇州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B848

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