本文選題：視覺工作記憶 + 注意選擇�。� 參考：《山東師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境中充斥著大量的刺激信息,然而個體用于加工這些信息的認知資源是有限的。為了完成日常的活動,注意系統(tǒng)利用有限的認知資源選擇部分重要信息進行更深層次的加工,并抑制與任務(wù)無關(guān)的信息,這被稱之為注意選擇。若任務(wù)相關(guān)信息的加工沒有受到不相關(guān)信息的影響,則表明注意進行了有效選擇;若任務(wù)相關(guān)信息的加工受到了不相關(guān)信息的干擾,則表明無關(guān)信息影響了注意選擇,這種現(xiàn)象被稱為干擾子效應(yīng)。以干擾子效應(yīng)作為衡量注意選擇有效性的指標進行的研究表明,視覺工作記憶存儲負荷影響注意選擇。視覺工作記憶存儲負荷視覺工作記憶存儲負荷分為視覺工作記憶容量負荷和視覺工作記憶精度負荷兩種類型,關(guān)于視覺工作記憶容量負荷對注意選擇的影響的結(jié)果并不一致,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)容量負荷減弱干擾子效應(yīng)(KonstantinouLavie,2013;RoperVecera,2014;Konstantinou et al.,2014),也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)高容量負荷增強干擾子效應(yīng)(ZhangLuck,2015),不一致的結(jié)果可能受到Flanker任務(wù)相對于視覺工作記憶任務(wù)呈現(xiàn)位置的影響。此外,視覺工作記憶精度負荷對注意選擇的加工機制仍不清楚。而且,在視覺工作記憶的編碼和保持階段,視覺工作記憶存儲負荷類型(容量負荷和精度負荷)對注意選擇影響的作用機制分別是什么?是需要進一步研究的問題。針對上述問題,本研究采用Flanker任務(wù)為注意選擇任務(wù),記憶色塊顏色為視覺工作記憶任務(wù),通過操縱Flanker任務(wù)相對于視覺工作記憶任務(wù)的呈現(xiàn)位置,分別探討在視覺工作記憶的編碼和保持階段,精度負荷和容量負荷對注意選擇的影響,以期進一步揭示視覺工作記憶存儲的負荷類型對注意選擇的加工機制。共設(shè)計4個實驗:實驗1探討在視覺工作記憶編碼階段,視覺工作記憶存儲負荷類型和注意選擇任務(wù)的呈現(xiàn)位置對注意選擇的影響;實驗2探討在視覺工作記憶保持階段,視覺工作記憶存儲負荷類型和注意選擇任務(wù)的呈現(xiàn)位置對注意選擇的影響;實驗3探討在視覺工作記憶保持階段,當Navon任務(wù)位于視覺工作記憶任務(wù)的中心位置時,視覺工作記憶存儲負荷類型和靶目標的加工類型對注意選擇的影響;實驗4在視覺工作記憶保持階段,采用ERP技術(shù)探討視覺工作記憶存儲負荷類型對注意選擇的加工機制。概括來說,本研究得出以下結(jié)論:在視覺工作記憶的編碼階段和保持階段,視覺工作記憶存儲負荷通過不同的加工機制來影響注意選擇。具體說,(1)在視覺工作記憶的編碼階段,與沒有視覺工作記憶負荷相比,視覺工作記憶容量負荷和精度負荷均消耗更多的知覺資源,從而使保持階段的干擾子效應(yīng)降低。結(jié)果支持知覺選擇機制理論。(2)在視覺工作記憶的保持階段,與沒有視覺工作記憶負荷相比,在視覺工作記憶精度負荷的條件下完成位于記憶項中心的注意選擇任務(wù)時干擾子效應(yīng)減小,而在視覺工作記憶容量負荷條件下完成位于記憶項中心的注意選擇任務(wù)時干擾子效應(yīng)加大。結(jié)果支持注意空間上的轉(zhuǎn)換消耗注意資源的理論。
[Abstract]:There is a lot of stimulus information in the environment, but the cognitive resources used to process this information are limited. In order to accomplish daily activities, it is noted that the system uses limited cognitive resources to select some important information for deeper processing and to suppress information that is irrelevant to tasks. This is called attention choice. If the task phase is the task phase. The processing of the closed information is not affected by the unrelated information, which indicates that attention is taken effectively. If the processing of the task related information is disturbed by the unrelated information, it indicates that the unrelated information affects the attention selection. This phenomenon is called the interference subeffect. The study shows that visual working memory storage load affects attention selection. Visual working memory storage load is divided into two types: visual working memory capacity load and visual working memory precision load. The effect of visual working memory capacity load on attention selection is not consistent. It was found that capacity load attenuated interference subeffects (KonstantinouLavie, 2013; RoperVecera, 2014; Konstantinou et al., 2014), and also found that high capacity load enhanced interference (ZhangLuck, 2015). The inconsistent results may be influenced by the position of the Flanker task relative to the visual working memory task. In addition, visual work The processing mechanism of memory precision load on attention selection is still unclear. Moreover, what are the mechanisms of the effect of visual working memory storage load type (capacity load and precision load) on attention selection in the coding and retention stages of visual working memory, which need further research. This study aims at the above problems. The Flanker task is to select the task, and the color of the memory color block is a visual working memory task. By manipulating the position of the Flanker task relative to the visual working memory task, the effect of the coding and holding phase of the visual working memory, the effect of the precision load and the capacity load on the choice of the annotation is respectively discussed in order to further reveal the visual work. A total of 4 experiments were designed for the processing mechanism of memory storage load type on attention selection. In Experiment 1, the effects of visual working memory coding stage, visual working memory storage load type and attention selection task presentation position on attention selection were discussed. In Experiment 2, the visual working memory retention period was discussed, and visual working memory storage load was discussed. The effect of the presentation position of type and attention selection task on attention selection; Experiment 3 explores the effect of visual working memory storage load type and target processing type on attention selection when the Navon task is located at the center of visual working memory task, while Experiment 4 maintains visual working memory. At the stage, ERP technology is used to discuss the processing mechanism of visual working memory storage load type on attention selection. In general, this study draws the following conclusions: in the coding and maintaining stages of visual working memory, visual working memory storage load affects attention selection through different processing mechanisms. Specifically, (1) in the visual work The coding stage of the memory, compared with the visual memory load without visual working memory, consumes more perceptual resources in visual working memory capacity load and precision load, thus reducing the interference effect in the retention phase. Results support the theory of perceptual selection mechanism. (2) in the maintenance stage of visual working memory, compared with no visual working memory load, The interference subeffect is reduced when the attention selection task located in the memory center is completed under the condition of visual working memory precision load, while the interference subeffect increases when the attention selection task is located in the memory center under the visual working memory capacity load condition.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3

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本文編號：1957469