本文選題：面孔表情 + 面孔性別�。� 參考：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：面孔認(rèn)知加工在人們的日常生活中有著重要的社會意義和生物學(xué)意義,也因此成為心理學(xué)、人工智能和認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)等領(lǐng)域共同關(guān)注的研究熱點。人類的面孔包含著大量的信息,例如表情、性別、年齡和身份等等。關(guān)于身份和表情的研究較多，而對比性別和表情的研究較少，根據(jù)Bruce-Young的面孔功能模型和分布式人類神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)模型，面孔性別和表情屬于兩條獨立的加工通道，并且也有著相對獨立的加工腦區(qū)。從進化心理學(xué)的視角來看，情緒信息和性別信息的快速加工都是人類生存繁衍的必要條件。因此對二者的比較有著豐富的理論意義和實踐意義。在前人的研究中均是通過不同的任務(wù)（表情判斷和性別判斷）來實現(xiàn)，但實際生活中還有很多情況是這兩類信息處于自由競爭狀態(tài)，沒有明確的指導(dǎo)或要求加工哪一類信息。因此我們通過異同范式（實驗1）和oddball范式（實驗2、3）實現(xiàn)了在自由競爭狀態(tài)下表情和性別的對比研究，，在實驗一中，要求被試判斷出表情和性別兩個維度的信息均一致時為“同”條件，其余只要有一個維度不同視為“異”條件，而異條件又包括三種情況：表情不同（ED）、性別不同（SD）、都不相同（D）。在實驗2、3中要求被試對一種表情和性別的組合做反應(yīng)（例如男哭，靶刺激類型在被試間平衡），其余組合均不反應(yīng)，因此形成了3種nogo的條件：表情和目標(biāo)不同（ED），性別和目標(biāo)不同（SD），均不同（D）.實驗2、3的不同在于，實驗3去除了D條件，而把ED和SD條件分別和目標(biāo)刺激組合后按block呈現(xiàn)，通過這一方式調(diào)節(jié)被試的注意朝向表情和性別的一個維度。以探索注意對面孔表情和性別的不同影響。 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：在實驗1中D條件反應(yīng)時顯著短于ED、SD條件，ED的正確率顯著高于SD的條件。 實驗2中對3種nogo刺激進行分析，在N170指標(biāo)上沒有出現(xiàn)差異，在LRP上只有SD條件出現(xiàn)了顯著地nogoLRP，在P3a指標(biāo)上，D條件的潛伏期小于ED和SD，同時SD潛伏期小于ED。D和ED的平均波幅顯著大于SD條件。 實驗3中，ED的波幅仍然顯著大于SD條件，但潛伏期的差異不再顯著。 結(jié)論：分析實驗一的結(jié)果，因為D條件的反應(yīng)時小于ED和SD，所以表情和性別加工的優(yōu)勢存在概率問題，而ED的正確率高于SD，可能暗示著表情吸引了更多的注意資源。這一推論在實驗2中得到證實，表情的加工優(yōu)勢在動作準(zhǔn)備階段和后期認(rèn)知加工中均有體現(xiàn)。實驗3的結(jié)果顯示，在注意資源比較充足的情況下，表情加工在速度上的優(yōu)勢消失了，僅僅表現(xiàn)為吸引了更多的注意資源。說明了性別的加工相比表情更多的依賴于注意。
[Abstract]:Face cognitive processing has important social and biological significance in people's daily life, so it has become a common research hotspot in psychology, artificial intelligence and cognitive neuroscience. Human faces contain a great deal of information, such as expressions, gender, age and identity. According to Bruce-Young 's facial function model and distributed human nervous system model, facial gender and facial expression belong to two independent processing channels. There are also relatively independent processing brain areas. From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, the rapid processing of emotional information and gender information is a necessary condition for human survival and reproduction. Therefore, the comparison between the two has rich theoretical and practical significance. In previous studies, these two kinds of information are realized through different tasks (emoji judgment and gender judgment). However, there are still many situations in real life where these two kinds of information are in a free competition state, and there is no clear guidance or requirement to process which kind of information. So we have achieved a comparative study of expression and gender in free competition by using similarities and differences (experiment 1) and oddball paradigm (experiment 2: 3). In experiment 1, The subjects were asked to judge that the information in the two dimensions of expression and sex was "the same" condition when the information was the same, while the other one dimension was different as "different" condition, and the different condition included three kinds of cases: different expression, different sex and different SDN, all of which were different. In experiment 2 / 3, participants were asked to respond to a combination of facial expression and gender (e.g., male crying, target stimulation type balanced between subjects), while the other combinations did not respond. Therefore, three kinds of nogo conditions were formed: facial expression and target were different, gender and goal were different. The difference of experiment 2 is that experiment 3 removes D condition, and combines Ed and SD conditions with target stimuli and presents them according to block. By this way, the attention orientation of subjects is adjusted to a dimension of expression and gender. To explore the different effects of attention on facial expressions and gender. The results showed that in experiment 1, the response time of D condition was significantly shorter than that of EDSD condition and the correct rate of Ed was significantly higher than that of SD condition. In experiment 2, three kinds of nogo stimuli were analyzed and there was no difference in N170 index. Only SD condition appeared nogoLRP in LRP, the latency of D condition was less than Ed and SDon on P3a index, and the average amplitude of SD latency less than that of ED.D and Ed was significantly larger than that of SD condition. In experiment 3, the amplitude of Ed was still significantly higher than that of SD condition, but the difference of latency was not significant. Conclusion: according to the results of experiment 1, because the reaction time of D condition is less than that of Ed and SD, there are probabilistic problems in the superiority of facial expression and gender processing, and the correct rate of Ed is higher than that of SD.This may imply that expression attracts more attention resources. This corollary was confirmed in experiment 2. The predominance of facial expression processing was demonstrated in both the stage of motion preparation and the later stage of cognitive processing. The results of experiment 3 showed that the advantage of facial expression processing in speed was disappeared under the condition of sufficient attention resources, which only attracted more attention resources. It shows that gender processing is more dependent on attention than facial expression.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：1957005