發(fā)布時間：2018-05-11 11:40

  本文選題：解釋水平 + 認(rèn)知負(fù)荷　； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：解釋水平與個體生活息息相關(guān)。解釋水平理論關(guān)注個體對客體不同抽象表征的程度。不同解釋水平下對事物的關(guān)注點不同,對于抽象表征的客體,個體傾向于采用高解釋水平進(jìn)行表征并關(guān)注事物整體性特征,對那些具體表征的客體一般采用低解釋水平方式進(jìn)行表征,強調(diào)細(xì)節(jié)特征(TropeLiberman,2003)。個體采用的解釋水平會影響個體的思維與行為結(jié)果,其部分是通過表征方式實現(xiàn)的。解釋水平影響個體自我控制程度,個體會依據(jù)對事件的解釋水平程度進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的自我控制,當(dāng)對問題解決采用高解釋水平方式時,個體會表現(xiàn)出較高的自我控制,當(dāng)對問題解決低解釋水平方式時,個體會表現(xiàn)出較差的自我控制。但是有研究逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)也會有相反的結(jié)果,即高解釋水平也會降低個體的自我控制,低解釋水平也會增強個體的自我控制,研究者通過設(shè)置不同的SST任務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)會有目標(biāo)維持的調(diào)節(jié)作用(Schmeichel,Vohs,Duke,2011),但其研究不同任務(wù)之間也沒有區(qū)分是目標(biāo)維持與認(rèn)知負(fù)荷,由此本研究進(jìn)一步探究解釋水平與自我控制的調(diào)節(jié)機制,即可能會受到認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的調(diào)節(jié)作用而非目標(biāo)維持的作用。本研究通過兩個研究驗證認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的調(diào)節(jié)作用。研究1的目的在于驗證啟動解釋水平任務(wù)的有效性并且驗證Fujita等人(2006)的研究結(jié)果。研究2的目的在于驗證解釋水平對自我控制的影響受到認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的調(diào)節(jié)作用,由研究2a和研究2b兩項子研究組成。研究一考察被試的延遲偏好情況,采用自我控制任務(wù)考察個體對及時與延遲結(jié)果的傾向性,通過WHY/HOW方法啟動解釋水平,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)高解釋水平個體比低解釋水平個體更傾向于偏好延遲,證實了Fujita等人(2006)的研究結(jié)論。研究二通過變式Stroop任務(wù)以及N-back任務(wù)操縱高低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷探討認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的調(diào)節(jié)作用,分別在有目標(biāo)維持和無目標(biāo)維持的情況下操縱高低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷來考察解釋水平對自我控制的影響。通過n-back任務(wù)以及Stroop變式任務(wù)進(jìn)行操縱,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),解釋水平對自我控制存有認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的調(diào)節(jié)作用,具體表現(xiàn)為:(1)在研究2(a)中發(fā)現(xiàn)在n-back任務(wù)中,啟動低解釋水平個體在0-back任務(wù)下的正確率要顯著高于高解釋水平個體的正確率;啟動高解釋水平個體在1-back和2-back任務(wù)下的正確率要顯著高于低解釋水平個體的正確率。(2)在研究2(b)中發(fā)現(xiàn)在Stroop變式任務(wù)中,低解釋水平個體在比較字體大小任務(wù)下的正確率顯著高于高解釋水平個體的正確率,高解釋水平個體在比較數(shù)值大小任務(wù)下的正確率要顯著高于低解釋水平個體的正確率。該研究結(jié)果表明解釋水平對自我控制的影響會受到認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的調(diào)節(jié)作用,高解釋水平個體在較難(高認(rèn)知負(fù)荷)任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)較好,低解釋水平水平個體在簡單(無認(rèn)知負(fù)荷或低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷)任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)較好。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果,本研究結(jié)論如下:(1)“高解釋水平會增強個體的自我控制,低解釋水平會降低個體的自我控制”的結(jié)論是片面的。(2)解釋水平對自我控制的影響會受到認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的調(diào)節(jié)作用,具體表現(xiàn)為高解釋水平在較難(高認(rèn)知負(fù)荷)任務(wù)下自我控制高,表現(xiàn)好,而低解釋水平在較難任務(wù)下自我控制低;高解釋水平在簡單(無認(rèn)知負(fù)荷或低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷)任務(wù)下自我控制低,而低解釋水平在簡單任務(wù)下自我控制高,表現(xiàn)好。
[Abstract]:The level of interpretation is closely related to the individual life. The theory of interpretation is concerned with the extent to which the individual has different abstract representations of the object. The attention to the object is different at different levels of interpretation. For the object of abstract representation, the individual tends to represent and pay attention to the whole body characteristics by the high level of interpretation and the object of the specific characterization. A low interpretation level is used to characterize the details (TropeLiberman, 2003). The level of interpretation used by the individual will affect the individual's thinking and behavior results, part of which is realized by means of representation. The level of interpretation affects the degree of self-control of the individual, and the individual will carry out the corresponding self control according to the level of the interpretation level of the event. When the problem is solved by a high interpretation level, the experience shows a higher self-control. When the problem is solved in a low interpretation level, the experience shows a poor self control. However, there is a gradual discovery that there will be the opposite result, that is, the high interpretation will also reduce the self control of the individual and the low interpretation level. The self-control of the individual will be enhanced, and the researchers can find the regulatory role of the objective maintenance by setting different SST tasks (Schmeichel, Vohs, Duke, 2011), but there is no distinction between the target maintenance and the cognitive load between the different tasks of the study, and this study further explores the regulatory mechanism of the interpretation level and self-control, that is, it may be possible The purpose of this study was to verify the regulatory role of cognitive load by two studies. The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the level task of starting the interpretation level and to verify the results of Fujita et al. (2006). The purpose of the study of study 2 is to verify the impact of the level of interpretation on self-control. The regulatory role of cognitive load was made up of the study of the two sub studies of 2a and 2b. The study examined the delayed preference of the subjects. The self control task was used to examine the tendency of the individual to the timely and delayed results, and the interpretation level was started by the WHY/HOW method. The results showed that the high release individuals were more inclined to the lower interpretable individuals than those with low level of interpretation. The preference delay confirmed the research conclusions of Fujita et al. (2006). Study two explore the regulatory role of cognitive load through variable Stroop task and N-back task manipulating high and low cognitive load, and manipulate high and low cognitive load in the case of target maintenance and non objective maintenance to examine the effect of interpretation level on self-control. Through N-BA The CK task and the Stroop variant task are manipulated. The results show that the level of interpretation has a cognitive load regulating effect on self control. (1) in the study 2 (a), it is found that in the n-back task, the correct rate of starting the low interpretation level individuals under the 0-back task is significantly higher than that of the high interpretation level individuals; and the high solution is started. The correct rate of the release level individuals under the 1-back and 2-back tasks is significantly higher than that of the low interpretive individuals. (2) in the study 2 (b), it was found that in the Stroop variant task, the correct rate of the low interpretate individuals under the comparative font size task was significantly higher than that of the highly interpreted individuals, and the higher interpretive individuals were in comparative values. The correct rate under the size task is significantly higher than that of the low interpretive individuals. The results show that the effect of interpretation level on self control is regulated by cognitive load, and the high interpretive individual is better in the difficult task (high cognitive load), and the level of low interpretation level is simple (no cognitive load or low). According to the results of the study, the conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) "high interpretation level will enhance individual self control, low interpretation level will reduce individual self control" conclusion is one-sided. (2) the effect of interpretation level on self-control will be regulated by cognitive load, which is specifically expressed as a high explanation. Under the difficult task (high cognitive load), the level of self control is high, and the low interpretation level is low under the difficult task. The high interpretation level is low under the task of simple (without cognitive load or low cognitive load), and the low interpretation level is high under the simple task, and the performance is good.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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