本文選題：創(chuàng)造力 + 無(wú)意識(shí)思維　； 參考：《山西師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：根據(jù)Evans提出的雙系統(tǒng)加工模型,人類(lèi)有兩種不同的思維方式,即基于聯(lián)結(jié)的,自下而上的無(wú)意識(shí)思維,以及基于規(guī)則和邏輯的,自上而下的有意識(shí)思維。創(chuàng)造力是產(chǎn)生被社會(huì)文化所接受的新穎且有實(shí)用價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品的能力,需要兩種思維方式共同參與。Dijksterhuis的無(wú)意識(shí)思維效應(yīng)理論認(rèn)為,無(wú)意識(shí)思維會(huì)表現(xiàn)出更高的創(chuàng)造力。相對(duì)于專(zhuān)心致志思考該問(wèn)題的個(gè)體,那些完成一個(gè)分心任務(wù)而沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)專(zhuān)心思考的個(gè)體反而能夠做出更優(yōu)的決策。很多研究者采用與Dijksterhuis類(lèi)似的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)無(wú)意識(shí)思維進(jìn)行研究,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他們無(wú)法重復(fù)出無(wú)意識(shí)思維效應(yīng),這說(shuō)明存在其他因素影響實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。由于兩種思維方式性質(zhì)不同,相關(guān)因素(加工時(shí)間、任務(wù)難度等)對(duì)其影響也不盡相同。已有研究表明:在時(shí)間維度上,有意識(shí)思維與加工時(shí)間呈正相關(guān),思考時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),被試的創(chuàng)造力越高。在任務(wù)難度維度上,有意識(shí)思維受到規(guī)則和容量的限制,不適宜處理高難度、非常規(guī)問(wèn)題,在復(fù)雜創(chuàng)造力問(wèn)題中無(wú)意識(shí)思維更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。在分心任務(wù)的認(rèn)知負(fù)荷上,一些研究者認(rèn)為低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的分心任務(wù)對(duì)創(chuàng)造力更有利,也有一些研究者認(rèn)為任務(wù)類(lèi)型不同,分心任務(wù)的最佳負(fù)荷不同。可以看出,前人研究中沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)性地考察各影響因素與不同思維方式之間的交互作用,且研究結(jié)果存在矛盾,缺乏可比性。本研究分三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),探討了不同思維方式下,加工時(shí)間、任務(wù)難度和分心任務(wù)的認(rèn)知負(fù)荷對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)一研究了不同思維方式下加工時(shí)間對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)二研究了不同思維方式下任務(wù)難度對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)三研究了無(wú)意識(shí)思維條件下,分心任務(wù)認(rèn)知負(fù)荷的大小對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的影響。研究得到以下主要結(jié)論:(1)思維方式與加工時(shí)間存在交互作用。在有意識(shí)條件下,加工時(shí)間與創(chuàng)造力呈正相關(guān),思考時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),被試在創(chuàng)造力測(cè)驗(yàn)中得分越高;在無(wú)意識(shí)條件下,加工時(shí)間與創(chuàng)造力呈倒U型曲線,中等長(zhǎng)度的加工時(shí)間對(duì)創(chuàng)造力最為有利。只有在加工時(shí)間適中(3分鐘)時(shí),無(wú)意識(shí)思維勝過(guò)有意識(shí)思維,表現(xiàn)出了Dijksterhuis提到的無(wú)意識(shí)思維效應(yīng)。(2)思維方式與任務(wù)難度存在交互作用。對(duì)于高難度的創(chuàng)造力問(wèn)題,無(wú)意識(shí)思維條件下的得分高于有意識(shí)思維;對(duì)于低難度的創(chuàng)造力問(wèn)題,兩種思維方式差異不顯著。表明無(wú)意識(shí)思維能夠促進(jìn)高難度創(chuàng)造力問(wèn)題解決。(3)無(wú)意識(shí)思維條件下,分心任務(wù)的認(rèn)知負(fù)荷會(huì)影響創(chuàng)造力。執(zhí)行低認(rèn)知負(fù)荷分心任務(wù)的被試表現(xiàn)出更高的創(chuàng)造力。
[Abstract]:According to the two-system processing model proposed by Evans, human beings have two different modes of thinking, that is, unconsciousness thinking based on connectedness, bottom-up thinking, and conscious thinking based on rules and logic, from top to bottom. Creativity is the ability to produce novel and practical products accepted by social culture, which requires two modes of thinking to participate in the theory of unconscious thinking effect of Dijksterhuis, which holds that unconscious thinking will exhibit higher creativity. Individuals who complete a distracting task without the opportunity to concentrate on the problem can make better decisions than individuals who are focused on the problem. Many researchers used similar experimental designs as Dijksterhuis to study unconscious thinking, but found that they could not repeat the effects of unconscious thinking, which indicates that there are other factors affecting the experimental results. Because of the different nature of the two modes of thinking, the influence of related factors (processing time, task difficulty, etc.) is also different. Previous studies have shown that conscious thinking is positively correlated with processing time in time dimension, and the longer the thinking time is, the higher the creativity of the subjects is. In the dimension of task difficulty, conscious thinking is restricted by rules and capacity, which is not suitable for dealing with high difficulty and unconventional problems. Unconscious thinking is more advantageous in complex creative problems. On the cognitive load of distraction task, some researchers think that the distraction task with low cognitive load is more beneficial to creativity, while others think that the best load of distraction task is different with different task types. It can be seen that previous studies have not systematically examined the interaction between various factors and different modes of thinking, and the results of the study are contradictory and lack of comparability. This study was divided into three experiments to explore the effects of processing time, task difficulty and cognitive load on creativity under different thinking modes. Experiment 1 studies the influence of processing time on creativity under different thinking modes. Experiment two studies the influence of task difficulty on creativity under different thinking modes. Experiment 3 studied the influence of distraction task cognitive load on creativity under the condition of unconscious thinking. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there is interaction between thinking mode and processing time. Under conscious conditions, the processing time was positively correlated with creativity, and the longer the thinking time, the higher the score in the creativity test, while in the unconscious condition, the processing time and creativity showed an inverted U-shaped curve. Medium length of processing time is most beneficial to creativity. When the processing time is moderate to 3 minutes, the unconscious thinking is superior to the conscious thinking, which shows the interaction between the unconsciousness thinking effect and the task difficulty mentioned by Dijksterhuis. The score of unconscious thinking is higher than that of conscious thinking, but there is no significant difference between the two ways of thinking for low difficulty creative problems. It shows that unconscious thinking can promote the difficulty of creative problem-solving. 3) under the condition of unconscious thinking, the cognitive load of distraction task will affect creativity. Participants who performed distracting tasks with low cognitive load showed higher creativity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B842

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 郝寧;楊靜;;創(chuàng)造力有其“陰暗面”[J];心理科學(xué);2016年03期

2 李良敏;羅玲玲;劉武;;客觀化創(chuàng)造力測(cè)量工具:《中文遠(yuǎn)距聯(lián)想測(cè)驗(yàn)》編制[J];東北大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2015年01期

3 郝寧;趙琪琛;;創(chuàng)造性思維醞釀效應(yīng)研究進(jìn)展及其實(shí)踐隱意[J];教育生物學(xué)雜志;2014年02期

4 沈汪兵;劉昌;袁媛;張小將;羅勁;;頓悟類(lèi)問(wèn)題解決中思維僵局的動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)間特性[J];中國(guó)科學(xué):生命科學(xué);2013年03期

5 陳群林;羅俊龍;蔣軍;位東濤;張慶林;;無(wú)意識(shí)加工對(duì)創(chuàng)造性問(wèn)題解決的促進(jìn)效應(yīng)[J];心理發(fā)展與教育;2012年06期

6 宋宏珂;;N-back范式的演變與應(yīng)用[J];西南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2011年S1期

7 張鳳華;張華;曾建敏;張慶林;;意識(shí)思維和無(wú)意識(shí)思維對(duì)復(fù)雜決策的影響[J];心理科學(xué);2011年01期

8 王燁,余榮軍,周曉林;創(chuàng)造性研究的有效工具——遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)想測(cè)驗(yàn)(RAT)[J];心理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2005年06期

9 張慶林,邱江,曹貴康;頓悟認(rèn)知機(jī)制的研究述評(píng)與理論構(gòu)想[J];心理科學(xué);2004年06期

10 林崇德;培養(yǎng)和造就高素質(zhì)的創(chuàng)造性人才[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1999年01期

，

本文編號(hào)：1862920