本文選題：結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字 + 家族效應(yīng)�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字具有視覺(jué)上的對(duì)稱性,這種特殊的對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu)給漢字帶來(lái)一種知覺(jué)加工優(yōu)勢(shì)。漢字作為表意文字,以形表意,它詞匯特征(如結(jié)構(gòu)方式、部件、筆畫等)在漢字識(shí)別加工過(guò)程中起著重要作用。 根據(jù)以往的行為實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,漢字的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱效應(yīng)即與非對(duì)稱字相比,結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字的識(shí)別速度更快,正確率更高。為了更加突出漢字結(jié)構(gòu)的對(duì)稱性,本研究對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字的定義更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),即要求結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字是以字的中心線為軸折疊左右部分可以完全重疊的漢字,也叫左右結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字(如,黃等)。 很多關(guān)于詞匯認(rèn)知加工過(guò)程的ERP研究中,都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)N400成分的出現(xiàn),所以普遍認(rèn)為N400與詞匯的語(yǔ)義加工有關(guān),但是也有很多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)詞匯特征(如詞頻、詞的具體性、詞的真假性和正字法家族規(guī)模大小)可以影響N400成分的波幅大小。漢字的家族大小,一般是指改變漢字的某些筆畫和部件所能構(gòu)成的漢字個(gè)數(shù)。漢字的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱效應(yīng)提示我們結(jié)構(gòu)信息在視覺(jué)漢字認(rèn)知過(guò)程中起著重要作用,所以本研究認(rèn)為結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字的一般家族成員里還有一類次家族成員,即基于漢字的這一特殊結(jié)構(gòu)信息組成的左右結(jié)構(gòu)也對(duì)稱的家族成員,本研究也將其稱之為真家族,那么非對(duì)稱漢字的真家族就是結(jié)構(gòu)也不對(duì)稱的家族成員。通過(guò)對(duì)《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)字頻統(tǒng)計(jì)表》中的漢字進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)在0.0015%-0.0418%的頻率范圍內(nèi)左右結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字的比例只占3.8%,所以本研究認(rèn)為左右結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字的真家族成員比非對(duì)稱字的真家族成員少。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用語(yǔ)義分類任務(wù),記錄和分析左右結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字和非對(duì)稱漢字兩種水平下的腦電數(shù)據(jù),考察結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字的ERP效應(yīng)�；跐h字結(jié)構(gòu)信息的真家族假設(shè),對(duì)左右結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字和非對(duì)稱漢字兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)材料的真家族成員進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)左右結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字真家族成員顯著少于非對(duì)稱漢字的真家族成員[t=5.43,p0.05]。假如實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果誘發(fā)出了與家族效應(yīng)有關(guān)的幾個(gè)ERP成分P150、P200和N400,則表明基于漢字的這一結(jié)構(gòu)信息組成的真家族成員假設(shè)是可以被考慮的,否則表明并不存在這樣的對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu)家族。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用押韻判斷任務(wù),記錄和分析左右結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字和非對(duì)稱漢字兩種水平下的腦電數(shù)據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)材料與實(shí)驗(yàn)一同。一些ERP成分對(duì)不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)不敏感,本實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是考察使用押韻判斷任務(wù),結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字的ERP效應(yīng)是否與實(shí)驗(yàn)一的結(jié)果一致,如果是,則進(jìn)一步為基于結(jié)構(gòu)信息的漢字真家族假設(shè)提供了證據(jù),也進(jìn)一步表明漢字的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱性不僅在視覺(jué)特征加工階段起作用,也參與了語(yǔ)義信息的提取加工階段。 結(jié)果表明：(1)在ERP研究中漢字的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱效應(yīng)依然尋在,具體表現(xiàn)為一系列的ERP效應(yīng)(N170、P150、P200和N400),結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字比非對(duì)稱漢字的真家族成員少,在認(rèn)知加工中受到的干擾更少,從而更容易被識(shí)別。即對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字的加工是通過(guò)早期的家族成員激活和后期詞匯的干擾作用來(lái)完成的；(2)漢字的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱特征在漢字加工的早期正字法加工階段和后期語(yǔ)義加工階段都起著重要作用；(3)N170對(duì)漢字的結(jié)構(gòu)信息也比較敏感,說(shuō)明N170可能參與了視覺(jué)信息的加工,P200和P150成分是兩個(gè)相似的成分,都反映了詞匯早期正字法加工,N400成分也反映詞匯表征信息的加工。
[Abstract]:Symmetrical Chinese characters have visual symmetry, and this special symmetrical structure brings a perceptual processing advantage to Chinese characters. As a ideographic character, Chinese characters are ideographic, and its lexical features (such as structure, components, strokes, etc.) play an important role in the process of Chinese character recognition and processing.
According to the previous study of behavioral experiments, the structural symmetry effect of Chinese characters is faster and more correct than asymmetric words. In order to highlight the symmetry of Chinese characters, the definition of symmetrical Chinese characters is more rigorous in this study, that is, the symmetrical Chinese characters are required to fold the center line of the word as the axis to fold the left The Chinese characters that can be completely overlapped on the right part are also called symmetrical Chinese characters (such as yellow).
A lot of ERP studies on cognitive processing of vocabulary will find the appearance of N400 components, so it is generally believed that N400 is related to the semantic processing of vocabulary, but there are many studies that have found that lexical features (such as word frequency, word concreteness, true and false word, and family rule size of orthography) can affect the amplitude of N400 components. Family size, generally refers to the number of Chinese characters that change some strokes and parts of Chinese characters. The structural symmetry of Chinese characters suggests that our structural information plays an important role in the cognitive process of visual Chinese characters. Therefore, this study holds that there is a class of family members in the general family members of the symmetrical Chinese characters, that is, Chinese characters. This special structure information consists of family members with symmetrical structure and symmetrical structure. This study also calls it true family. Then the true family of asymmetric Chinese characters is a family member with asymmetric structure. By statistical analysis of the Chinese characters in modern Chinese word frequency statistics, it is found in the frequency range of 0.0015%-0.0418%. The proportion of symmetrical Chinese characters only accounts for 3.8%. Therefore, this study holds that the true family members of the left and right symmetrical Chinese characters are less than the true family members of the asymmetric characters.
In Experiment 1, the semantic classification task was used to record and analyze the EEG data of two levels of symmetrical Chinese characters and asymmetric Chinese characters, and to investigate the ERP effect of structural symmetrical Chinese characters. Based on the true family hypothesis of Chinese character structure information, the statistics of the true family members of the two experimental materials of symmetrical and asymmetrical Chinese characters and asymmetric Chinese characters were statistically divided. It is found that the true family members of the left and right symmetric Chinese characters are significantly less than the true family members [t=5.43 of the asymmetric Chinese characters. P0.05]., if the experimental results lure several ERP components related to the family effect P150, P200 and N400, indicates that the true family members based on the structure information of the Chinese character can be considered, otherwise the table can be considered. There is no family of such symmetrical structure in Ming Dynasty.
In experiment two, the rhyme judgment task was used to record and analyze the EEG data under two levels of symmetrical and asymmetrical Chinese characters. Experimental materials were together with experiments. Some ERP components were not sensitive to different experimental tasks. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the use of rhyme judgment, whether the ERP effect of the structure of symmetrical Chinese characters and the experiment one is one. The result is consistent. If it is, it further provides evidence for the hypothesis of Chinese character real family based on structural information, and further indicates that the structural symmetry of Chinese characters not only plays a role in the processing stage of visual features, but also participates in the extraction and processing stage of semantic information.
The results are as follows: (1) the structural symmetry effect of Chinese characters is still found in the ERP study, which is characterized by a series of ERP effects (N170, P150, P200 and N400). The structural symmetry Chinese characters are less than the true family members of the asymmetric Chinese characters, and the interference in cognitive processing is less, and it is easier to be identified. Early family members activation and the interference of later vocabulary; (2) the structural symmetry of Chinese characters plays an important role in the early orthographic and semantic processing stages of Chinese character processing; (3) N170 is also sensitive to the structural information of Chinese characters, indicating that N170 may be involved in the processing of visual information, P200 and P150 components are two similar components, which reflect the early orthographic processing of words. N400 components also reflect the processing of lexical representation information.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.1

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