本文選題：特質(zhì)焦慮 + 注意瞬脫　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)是個(gè)信息社會(huì),我們的生活中充斥著大量的信息,這些信息每時(shí)每刻都在發(fā)生變化,由于人類神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的注意資源是有限的,這些信息中只有很少的一部分能夠通過感覺得到大腦的加工并且形成工作記憶表征,因此只有那些重要和有意思的信息才會(huì)被注意選擇并得到加工,其余的無關(guān)信息則會(huì)被忽略掉。怎樣選擇有用的信息是心理過程的重要問題,注意瞬脫是從時(shí)間進(jìn)程上來研究選擇性注意,通常采用快速序列視覺呈現(xiàn)(rapid serial visual presentation, RSVP)范式。在該范式中,快速連續(xù)地呈現(xiàn)一系列刺激,這個(gè)刺激流中包含了兩個(gè)目標(biāo)刺激(在此稱之為T1和T2),刺激流中的其他刺激則被視為分心物。如果兩個(gè)任務(wù)相關(guān)的目標(biāo)刺激在時(shí)間上距離較近,第二個(gè)目標(biāo)可利用的注意資源將非常有限,這一現(xiàn)象被稱為注意瞬脫。如果兩者之間的時(shí)間延遲為200ms-500ms,對(duì)第二個(gè)目標(biāo)識(shí)別的正確率將會(huì)降低。 特質(zhì)焦慮是是一種穩(wěn)定的人格特質(zhì),它是在焦慮傾向上所表現(xiàn)出的相對(duì)持久的穩(wěn)定的個(gè)體差異,即把一個(gè)外界刺激環(huán)境知覺為危險(xiǎn)的或有威脅的傾向,以及對(duì)這個(gè)威脅可能產(chǎn)生狀態(tài)焦慮反應(yīng)的傾向。特質(zhì)焦慮與注意多年來一直為研究者所關(guān)注,近年來更成為學(xué)界的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問題,但是大多的研究集中空間維度上,時(shí)間維度上的研究很少。因此,本研究將采用注意瞬脫范式,從時(shí)間維度上考察高低特質(zhì)焦慮個(gè)體對(duì)情緒性面孔的選擇性注意。 本研究將采用面孔-面孔通道,在RSVP實(shí)驗(yàn)中,每個(gè)刺激的呈現(xiàn)時(shí)間均為83ms,分心刺激為倒立的中性面孔。本研究由三個(gè)正式研究組成,分別從T1、T2的情緒類型深入探討不同特質(zhì)焦慮水平者的注意瞬脫效應(yīng)。 研究一,采用STAI-T對(duì)被試進(jìn)行施測(cè),根據(jù)得分取正負(fù)一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差以外的被試分別作為高低特質(zhì)焦慮組,篩選出76名被試,其中高特質(zhì)焦慮組39人,低特質(zhì)焦慮組36人。采用RSVP雙任務(wù)范式,研究T1為不同的情緒類型時(shí),高低特質(zhì)焦慮組的注意瞬脫效應(yīng)。前人用空間線索范式研究注意偏向得出的結(jié)論是焦慮個(gè)體對(duì)負(fù)性信息的注意偏向是由于對(duì)負(fù)性信息的脫離困難。因此假設(shè)高焦慮個(gè)體對(duì)T1憤怒刺激的脫離困難將導(dǎo)致T2很難得到加工,因而更大程度地提高了注意瞬脫量。T1為性別判斷任務(wù),因此對(duì)情緒的加工應(yīng)為內(nèi)隱的加工,T2采用偵測(cè)任務(wù)。 研究二,采用RSVP單任務(wù)范式,要求被試忽視T1位置的情緒刺激,考察憤怒情緒對(duì)高低特質(zhì)焦慮者對(duì)靶刺激(T)的識(shí)別。實(shí)驗(yàn)中情緒性刺激是關(guān)鍵干擾刺激,與任務(wù)無關(guān),一旦引起被試的注意就是自下而上的,實(shí)驗(yàn)考察的是刺激驅(qū)動(dòng)的注意能力,進(jìn)一步探討在沒有目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的前提下,高特質(zhì)焦慮個(gè)體會(huì)不會(huì)自動(dòng)的給憤怒面孔分配更多的資源。 研究三,采用RSVP雙任務(wù)范式,研究T2為不同的情緒類型時(shí),情緒刺激在注意資源缺乏的條件下對(duì)高低特質(zhì)焦慮個(gè)體有意注意的捕獲。T1采用性別判斷任務(wù),T2采用情緒判斷任務(wù)。 本研究結(jié)果表明： (1)憤怒刺激作為T1,顯著增強(qiáng)了注意瞬脫效應(yīng)。 (2)憤怒刺激作為任務(wù)無關(guān)的干擾刺激會(huì)降低靶刺激的反應(yīng)正確率。 (3)憤怒刺激作為T2,出現(xiàn)了顯著的注意瞬脫對(duì)抗效應(yīng)。 (4)高特質(zhì)焦慮個(gè)體對(duì)T2或T的識(shí)別正確率整體上低于低特質(zhì)焦慮者。 (5)高特質(zhì)焦慮個(gè)體對(duì)威脅性刺激的注意瞬脫的內(nèi)在機(jī)制為對(duì)威脅信息的注意解脫困難。
[Abstract]:Modern society is an information society, our life is full of information, this information is changing every moment, because the attention resources of the human nervous system are limited, only a few of these information can be processed by the sense of the brain and form working memory representation. The choice and processing of interesting information will be chosen and processed, and the other unrelated information will be ignored. How to select useful information is an important issue in the psychological process, and attention is paid to the selective attention from the time process, usually using the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm. In this paradigm, a series of stimuli are presented quickly and continuously, which contains two target stimuli (called T1 and T2), and the other stimuli in the stimulation flow are considered as distractors. If the two task related target stimuli are closer to the time, the second targets can be used for a limited amount of attention. The phenomenon is called attention blink. If the time delay between them is 200ms-500ms, the correct rate of second target recognition will be reduced.
Trait anxiety is a stable personality trait. It is a relatively persistent, stable individual difference shown in the anxiety tendency, that is, a tendency to stimulate the environment to be dangerous or threatening, as well as the inclination to the possible state anxiety response to this threat. Trait anxiety and attention have been studied for years. In recent years, it has become a hot issue in the academic field, but most of the research focuses on the spatial dimension, and there are few studies on the time dimension. Therefore, this study will use the attention transient paradigm to examine the selective attention to emotional faces of high and low trait anxiety individuals from the time dimension.
In this study, the face face channel was used in the RSVP experiment. In the RSVP experiment, the time of each stimulus was 83ms and the distraction was neutral. This study was made up of three formal studies. From the emotional types of T1 and T2, the attentional blink of different trait anxiety levels was investigated.
In Study 1, STAI-T was used to test the subjects, and 76 subjects were selected as high and low trait anxiety groups according to the scores of positive and negative standard deviation. Among them, 39 people with high trait anxiety and 36 in low trait anxiety group. The RSVP double task paradigm was used to study T1 as a different emotional type and the attention transients of high and low trait anxiety groups. It is concluded that the attention bias of the anxious individuals to negative information is due to the difficulty of disengagement of negative information. Therefore, it is assumed that the disengagement of the T1 anger stimulus to the high anxiety individuals will lead to the difficulty of processing the T2, thus increasing the attention to the.T1 of the attention transients to a greater extent. Do not judge the task, so the processing of emotion should be implicit processing, and T2 uses the task of detection.
The study two, using the RSVP single task paradigm, asked the subjects to ignore the emotional stimuli of the T1 position and examine the identification of the high and low trait anxiety by the high and low trait anxiety (T). In the experiment, the emotional stimulus is the key interference stimulus, which is irrelevant to the task. Once the attention is paid to the subjects, it is from the bottom to the top, and the experimental investigation is the stimulus driven attention energy. It is further explored that under the premise of no goal orientation, high trait anxiety does not automatically allocate more resources to angry faces.
In study three, the RSVP dual task paradigm was used to study T2 for different emotional types. In the condition of lack of attention resources, emotional stimuli were intended to capture.T1 by sex judgment task and T2 used emotional judgment task.
The results of this study show that:
(1) anger stimulation as T1 significantly enhanced attentional blink effect.
(2) anger stimulus as a task independent interference stimulus can reduce the response accuracy of target stimuli.
(3) anger stimulation, as T2, has a significant attentional blink antagonistic effect.
(4) the recognition accuracy of T2 or T of high trait anxiety individuals was lower than that of low trait anxiety subjects.
(5) the intrinsic mechanism of attentional blink in high trait anxiety individuals is the difficulty in relieving threat information.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.6

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 王妍,羅躍嘉;大學(xué)生面孔表情材料的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化及其評(píng)定[J];中國(guó)臨床心理學(xué)雜志;2005年04期

2 陳宏;王蘇妍;;視覺注意瞬脫實(shí)驗(yàn)范式述評(píng)[J];心理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2012年12期

3 吳昱;高湘萍;;基于快速系列視覺呈現(xiàn)范式的自我-他人面孔注意瞬脫效應(yīng)研究[J];心理科學(xué);2013年04期

4 陳武英;盧家楣;劉連啟;周炎根;;情緒誘發(fā)的視盲:一種獨(dú)特的功能性視盲[J];心理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2014年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：1798567