本文選題：數(shù)量動態(tài)變化 + 數(shù)量累加�。� 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來許多研究都表明數(shù)量加工和時(shí)間知覺具有密切的聯(lián)系。任務(wù)不相關(guān)的數(shù)量數(shù)字刺激容易對時(shí)間知覺產(chǎn)生干擾效應(yīng)：大數(shù)量或大數(shù)字通常導(dǎo)致時(shí)間高估現(xiàn)象,而小數(shù)量或小數(shù)字導(dǎo)致時(shí)間低估現(xiàn)象；小數(shù)字更容易被知覺到早于大數(shù)字呈現(xiàn)等等。數(shù)量理論(the theory of magnitude)和模式控制模型(Mode control model)都假定大腦都以某種共同的累加原則來對時(shí)間信息和數(shù)量信息進(jìn)行加工,并且認(rèn)為數(shù)量和時(shí)間加工可能存在部分共享的神經(jīng)機(jī)制MeckChurch,1983; Walsh,2003)。模式控制模型認(rèn)為大腦能同時(shí)進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)和計(jì)時(shí),計(jì)時(shí)和計(jì)數(shù)共用起搏器并發(fā)放一定頻率的時(shí)間和數(shù)量脈沖,經(jīng)過計(jì)時(shí)和計(jì)數(shù)開關(guān),最終存儲在相應(yīng)的計(jì)時(shí)累加器和計(jì)數(shù)累加器中。其中,時(shí)間脈沖累加過程是連續(xù)的而數(shù)量脈沖的累加過程是離散的。該理論詳細(xì)描述了大腦進(jìn)行計(jì)時(shí)和計(jì)數(shù)的過程,但是它并沒有闡述在此過程中數(shù)量和時(shí)間是怎樣相互干擾和影響的。雖然大量的研究都對數(shù)量加工和時(shí)間知覺之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了探索,但是鮮有研究關(guān)注數(shù)量的動態(tài)變化方向?qū)r(shí)間知覺是否存在影響以及探討數(shù)量和時(shí)間干擾效應(yīng)發(fā)生的深層次認(rèn)知機(jī)制。數(shù)量變化方向通常是雙向的,即數(shù)量累加和數(shù)量累減,而時(shí)間變化是方向則是單一的。因此,本研究以動態(tài)隨機(jī)點(diǎn)為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,采用恒定刺激法和時(shí)間比較范式,通過三個(gè)行為實(shí)驗(yàn)考察數(shù)量動態(tài)變化方向?qū)r(shí)間知覺影響的認(rèn)知機(jī)制。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一以動態(tài)隨機(jī)點(diǎn)在時(shí)間進(jìn)程上的數(shù)量累加和累減探討數(shù)量實(shí)時(shí)動態(tài)變化方向?qū)r(shí)間知覺的影響。三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)條件,分別為數(shù)量累加點(diǎn),數(shù)量累減點(diǎn)和恒定數(shù)量的隨機(jī)點(diǎn)。三種條件下平均數(shù)量大小保持一致。結(jié)果表明,數(shù)量累加點(diǎn)和數(shù)量累減點(diǎn)的時(shí)間估計(jì)值存在顯著差異,累加點(diǎn)相比于累減點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致時(shí)間高估。實(shí)驗(yàn)一的結(jié)果表明數(shù)量變化方向能夠影響時(shí)間知覺,數(shù)量加工和時(shí)間加工存在密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二通過平衡動態(tài)隨機(jī)點(diǎn)的變化方向,探討數(shù)量變化轉(zhuǎn)折方向?qū)r(shí)間知覺的影響。三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)條件,分別為先累加后累減點(diǎn),先累減后累加點(diǎn)以及隨機(jī)方向變化點(diǎn)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),數(shù)量轉(zhuǎn)折方向的不同導(dǎo)致時(shí)間估計(jì)值的顯著不同：數(shù)量由累減方向變?yōu)槔奂臃较虻那闆r下的時(shí)間估計(jì)值顯著高于數(shù)量由累加方向轉(zhuǎn)為累減方向,隨機(jī)方向變化點(diǎn)的時(shí)間估計(jì)值顯著高于另外兩組。實(shí)驗(yàn)二表明了不同的數(shù)量變化方向影響時(shí)間知覺的機(jī)制是通過改變計(jì)時(shí)開關(guān)的屬性實(shí)現(xiàn)的：相比于數(shù)量累加方式,數(shù)量累減變化更易影響計(jì)時(shí)開關(guān)的屬性,從而導(dǎo)致時(shí)間累加器中脈沖數(shù)目減少,低估客觀時(shí)間。 實(shí)驗(yàn)三將動態(tài)隨機(jī)點(diǎn)和任務(wù)加以空間分離,即以動態(tài)隨機(jī)點(diǎn)為外圍背景(任務(wù)無關(guān)刺激),同時(shí)對中心靜止客體(任務(wù)相關(guān)刺激)進(jìn)行時(shí)間估計(jì),考察動態(tài)隨機(jī)點(diǎn)變化方向?qū)r(shí)間知覺的干擾效應(yīng)是否可以發(fā)生在空間分離的客體上。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在空間分離條件下,靜止客體的時(shí)間知覺依然受到任務(wù)無關(guān)的、包含數(shù)量動態(tài)變化的背景刺激的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)三表明大腦提取數(shù)量信息的方式具有高度的自動化加工特點(diǎn),當(dāng)數(shù)量信息為任務(wù)無關(guān)刺激時(shí)依然能對時(shí)間判斷造成干擾。
[Abstract]:In recent years , many studies have shown that quantitative processing and time perception have a close link . The number of tasks unrelated to the task tends to produce an interference effect on time perception : large numbers or large numbers usually lead to time overvaluation , while small numbers or small numbers result in time undervaluation ;
Small numbers are more likely to be perceived earlier than large numbers . Both theory of magnitude and Mode control model assume that both the brain processes time information and quantity information with some common accumulation principle , and that quantitative and temporal processing may have some shared neural mechanisms MeckChurch , 1983 ; Walsh , 2003 ) . The model considers that the brain can count and count simultaneously , count and count the time and number of pulses that share the pacemaker and release a certain frequency . The time pulse accumulation process is continuous and the accumulation process of the number pulses is discrete .

The effects of real - time dynamic change direction on time perception in real - time dynamic random points are studied . The three experimental conditions are as follows : the number accumulation points , the number accumulation points and the constant number of random points . The results show that there is a significant difference in the time estimates of the number accumulation points and the number accumulation points . The results show that the quantitative change direction can influence the time perception , the quantity processing and the time processing have close correlation .

The results show that the time estimate in the direction of the change of quantity is significantly different from that of the other two groups . The results show that the time estimate in the direction of change of quantity is significantly different from that of the other two groups . The results show that the time estimate of the change direction of the quantity is significantly higher than that of the other two groups . The experiment 2 shows that the change of quantity is more apt to affect the properties of the timing switch than the quantity accumulation mode , which results in the reduction of the number of pulses in the time accumulator and the underestimation of the objective time .

In this paper , the dynamic random points and tasks are spatially separated , that is , the dynamic random point is the peripheral background ( task - independent stimulation ) , and the central stationary object ( task - related stimulus ) is estimated .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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