發(fā)布時間：2018-04-18 19:37

  本文選題：名利博弈 + 工具性價值�。� 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：名利博弈是單次互動中名望與社會利益不可兼得的情況下的一種社會決策。在名利博弈中,獲取名望的行為傾向背后具有獲取社會性價值與工具性價值兩種不同的動機。社會性價值是指名望表面上所具有的被人尊敬、認同的程度,它通過提升個體在群體中的位置乃至獲取某些心理收益來發(fā)揮作用。工具性價值則是指名望在深層次上向他人展現(xiàn)出的與自己合作可以帶來的潛在價值。它通過提升自己在擁有資源的他人眼中所體現(xiàn)的合作價值來獲取他人的青睞,并使獲得名望者從未來他人賦予的合作機會中獲利。名望的社會性價值已經(jīng)得到一定的論證,而名望的工具性價值以及二者之間的關(guān)系卻未得到關(guān)注。在此基礎(chǔ)上,有關(guān)領(lǐng)域的研究通常關(guān)注社會階層對名望及類似收益的獲取的影響,即階層效應(yīng),并顯示出社會階層在決策中對兩種價值的影響,但尚未結(jié)合名利博弈的框架在名利博弈的主題下進行深入的挖掘。對此,本研究首先對名利博弈靜態(tài)的路徑及其特征進行檢驗,并在此基礎(chǔ)上從動態(tài)的階層間名利博弈以及對名利博弈的階層效應(yīng)進行初步解釋。在研究1中首先對作為名望的工具性價值的理論基礎(chǔ)的競爭性利他的研究進行元分析。在元分析的基礎(chǔ)上在實驗1中通過兩個實驗檢驗未來利益存在與否對名望獲取傾向的影響。在實驗1對名望工具性價值的初步驗證的基礎(chǔ)上,在實驗2和實驗3中分別在自然狀態(tài)和短-長決策時間下,在固定特定身份名望所具有的工具性價值的同時變化其社會性價值水平,考察名望的工具性價值與社會性價值的交換代價。結(jié)果表明競爭性利他具有中等程度的效應(yīng)量;在有未來利益的情況下人們傾向于獲取名望,名望的工具性價值存在;工具性價值在自然狀態(tài)下的相對價值遠低于社會性價值,但是在經(jīng)過理性思考后的相對價值得到提升。在研究2中結(jié)合研究1的結(jié)果對名利博弈中存在的階層效應(yīng)來源進行分析。首先在實驗4中操縱被試的社會階層,考察不同階層者與不同階層者配對時在名利博弈中的決策傾向。進一步在實驗5中使用抽象的社會等級代替社會階層的操縱,從社會階層中分離由社會等級帶來的影響。最后,在實驗6中操縱名望的工具性價值存在與否,進一步分離實驗4中各階層者獲取名望的動機來源。結(jié)果表明高階層者傾向于獲取名望,而低階層者傾向于獲取金錢;在名利博弈中高階層者面對高階層者時傾向于獲取金錢,面對低階層者時傾向于獲取名望。高階層者的博弈策略以能獲利為導(dǎo)向,這一傾向來自于等級本身,且工具性價值在其中發(fā)揮作用。低階層者面對高階層者時傾向于獲取名望,面對低階層者時傾向于獲取金錢,低階層者的博弈策略以自身需求為導(dǎo)向。這一傾向來自于階層身份的激活,工具性價值在其中發(fā)揮作用有限。本研究結(jié)果初步證明了名望的工具性價值存在并比較了工具性價值與社會性價值二者之間重要性的差異以及在決策中的變化模式。在此基礎(chǔ)上進一步深入分析了名利博弈中存在的階層效應(yīng),區(qū)分出高、低階層者在名利博弈中所使用的策略及其來源,以及在其中可能起到主導(dǎo)作用的路徑。
[Abstract]:Fair game is a kind of social decision-making fame and social interests can not have both the single interaction. The fame in the game, has obtained the value of social value and the tool two different motives behind obtaining fame behavior. Social value refers to fame on the surface has been respected. The degree of identity, it is by improving the position of individual in the group and get some psychological benefits to play a role. The instrumental value refers to the potential value of fame show at a deeper level to others and their cooperation. It can bring up their own resources embodied in the eyes of others to the value of cooperation get the favor of others, and to obtain fame to profit from others with opportunities for cooperation in the future. The social value of fame has been a demonstration, and the instrumental value of fame and two The relationship between did not get attention. On this basis, the research in the related fields usually focus on the influence of social class to obtain fame and similar benefits, namely class effect, and shows the influence of social class on the two kinds of value in making a decision, but not with the framework of fair game in-depth mining in the fame game under the theme. In this regard, this study first path and characteristics of the fame game static test, and based on the dynamic game between class and fame class effect on fair game were preliminarily explained. Meta analysis in the study of competitive altruism the first theoretical basis for instrumental value on the 1 as.. based on the analysis of element in Experiment 1 through two experiments to test the future interests with or get fame tendency. In Experiment 1 of the instrumental value of early fame Based on the verification step, in Experiment 2 and 3 respectively in the state of nature and the short long time of decision, and has the tool value in the specific fixed status change of the social value of the level of exchange cost, instrumental value and social value of fame. The results show that the competitive altruism has the effect of moderate amount; in the future interests of the people tend to acquire fame, fame of tool value; relative value under natural conditions is far lower than the social value, but after the relative value of rational thinking after getting promoted. In Study 2 combined with the results of study 1 to analyze the source class effect exists in the game of fame. First of all subjects in Experiment 4 manipulated social class, the effects of different class and different social stratum in matching decision making in the tendency of fair game In Experiment 5. Further manipulation using abstract classes instead of social class, separation effects brought by the social class from the social class. Finally, the instrumental value of experimental manipulation of fame 6 in the presence and absence of further experiments on the separation of classes 4 obtaining fame motivation. The results show that the high class people tend to acquire fame, and lower class people tend to get money at a high level; fair game in the face of high class people tend to get money, in the face of lower class people tend to acquire fame. Game strategy of high class people to profit oriented, this tendency from the class itself, and tools the value of which play a role in the low level. In the face of high class people tend to get fame, in the face of lower class people tend to get money, the game strategy of lower class people to their own demand. This propensity The activation from the social status, the value as a tool in which the role is limited. The results of this study proved the instrumental value of fame exists and the difference between the importance of changing patterns of instrumental value and social value of the two and in decision-making. Based on further in-depth analysis of the effect of fame class in the game, to distinguish, strategy and source of lower class people used in fame in the game, and in which the path may play a leading role.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：1769780