本文選題：情緒 + 注意　； 參考：《重慶師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：情緒對注意的影響，一直是心理學研究中的熱點領(lǐng)域。 根據(jù)注意資源理論，情緒刺激的出現(xiàn)會占用個體的注意資源，使得個體把注意力從情緒刺激上轉(zhuǎn)移回靶刺激需要更長的時間，因此情緒刺激的出現(xiàn)對被試接下來出現(xiàn)的靶刺激的反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生干擾。Lavie的知覺負載理論也認為，個體的注意資源是有限的，目標刺激獲得的注意資源會隨著其他刺激或任務(wù)的競爭而減少。但是，Lee和Sternthal認為，情緒刺激不僅不會占用注意資源，相反，還會提供額外的資源作為認知能量，拓展注意的廣度，提高注意的靈活性。 在以往的研究中，情緒對注意的影響存在兩種截然不同的觀點，那么，情緒對注意的影響什么時候表現(xiàn)為干擾，什么時候表現(xiàn)為促進？在文獻分析的基礎(chǔ)上，本研究認為情緒對注意產(chǎn)生何種影響，與情緒刺激與目標任務(wù)出現(xiàn)的間隔時間SOA有一定的關(guān)系。 因此，本研究主要著眼于驗證在不同SOA條件下，情緒刺激對注意的影響。研究包括兩個實驗，分別采用不同的實驗范式比較了不同SOA條件下，情緒刺激對注意的影響。 實驗一采用go/no-go任務(wù)，操縱SOA（200ms、600ms）、情緒刺激類型（無刺激、積極情緒刺激、中性情緒刺激、消極情緒刺激）和線索有效性（線索有效、線索無效）考察在不同情緒刺激類型和SOA條件下情緒對注意的影響。結(jié)果顯示線索有效性的主效應(yīng)顯著，情緒刺激類型與SOA的交互作用顯著，情緒刺激類型、SOA與線索有效性三者之間的交互作用顯著。 實驗二采用線索靶子范式，操縱SOA（200ms、600ms）、情緒刺激類型（無刺激、積極情緒刺激、中性情緒刺激、消極情緒刺激）和線索有效性（線索有效、線索無效）考察在不同情緒刺激類型和SOA條件下情緒對注意的影響。結(jié)果顯示線索有效性的主效應(yīng)顯著，情緒刺激類型與SOA的交互作用顯著；情緒刺激類型、SOA與線索有效性三者之間的交互作用顯著。 根據(jù)本研究兩個實驗得到的結(jié)果，獲得以下幾點結(jié)論： 1.情緒刺激類型與SOA存在顯著的交互作用，共同影響被試對靶刺激的反應(yīng)； 2.go/no-go任務(wù)中，當情緒刺激為無刺激水平時，被試在SOA為200ms時的反應(yīng)顯著快于SOA為600ms時的反應(yīng)；而當情緒刺激為積極和消極情緒刺激時，被試在SOA為200ms時的反應(yīng)顯著慢于SOA為600ms時的反應(yīng)，表明情緒刺激出現(xiàn)在不同SOA條件下，對注意會產(chǎn)生不同的影響。 3.go/no-go任務(wù)中，當情緒刺激與靶刺激的時間間隔為200ms時，情緒刺激占用被試的注意資源，對被試的行為產(chǎn)生干擾作用，，導(dǎo)致被試的反應(yīng)速度減慢。 4.go/no-go任務(wù)與線索靶子范式中，當情緒刺激與靶刺激的時間間隔為600ms時，情緒刺激對注意的干擾作用消退，情緒刺激對注意的增強效應(yīng)出現(xiàn)，情緒刺激拓展注意范圍，導(dǎo)致被試的反應(yīng)速度加快。
[Abstract]:The influence of emotion on attention has always been a hot field in psychological research.According to attention resource theory, the appearance of emotional stimulation takes up individual attention resources, which makes it take longer for individuals to shift their attention from emotional stimulation back to target stimulus.Therefore, the appearance of emotional stimulation interferes with the response of target stimuli to the subjects. Lavie's perceptual load theory also suggests that individual attention resources are limited.Target stimuli receive less attention resources as other stimuli or tasks compete.However, according to Lee and Sternthal, emotional stimulation not only does not occupy attention resources, but also provides additional resources as cognitive energy to expand attention span and improve attention flexibility.In previous studies, there are two different views on the influence of emotion on attention, so when is the influence of emotion on attention expressed as interference and when is it manifested as promotion?Based on the analysis of literature, this study suggests that the influence of emotion on attention is related to the interval between emotional stimulation and task.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of emotional stimulation on attention under different SOA conditions.Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of emotional stimulation on attention under different SOA conditions.In experiment 1, go/no-go task was used to manipulate the SOA 200ms / 600 Ms, the types of emotional stimuli (non-stimuli, positive emotional stimuli, neutral emotional stimuli, negative emotional stimuli) and cues validity (cues were effective).The effects of emotion on attention were examined under different emotional stimuli and SOA conditions.The results showed that the main effect of cue-validity was significant, the interaction between emotional stimulus type and SOA was significant, and the interaction between emotional stimulus type and cue-validity was significant.Experiment 2 used the cue-target paradigm to manipulate the SOA 200ms / 600 Ms, the types of emotional stimuli (non-stimuli, positive emotional stimuli, neutral emotional stimuli, negative emotional stimuli) and cue-effectiveness (cues were effective).The effects of emotion on attention were examined under different emotional stimuli and SOA conditions.The results showed that the main effect of cue-validity was significant, the interaction between emotional stimulus type and SOA was significant, and the interaction between emotional stimulus type and cue-validity was significant.According to the results of the two experiments, the following conclusions are obtained:1.There was significant interaction between emotional stimuli and SOA, which affected the responses of subjects to target stimuli.In the 2.go/no-go task, the responses of subjects with SOA as 200ms were significantly faster than those with SOA as 600ms, while those with positive and negative emotional stimuli were positive and negative when the level of emotional stimulation was non-stimulative.The responses of subjects with SOA as 200ms were significantly slower than those with SOA as 600ms, indicating that emotional stimuli appeared in different SOA conditions and had different effects on attention.In the 3.go/no-go task, when the time interval between emotional stimulation and target stimulus was 200ms, emotional stimulation occupied the attention resources of the subjects, which interfered with the behavior of the subjects, resulting in a slower response rate.In the 4.go/no-go task and clue target paradigm, when the time interval between emotional stimulus and target stimulus is 600ms, the disturbance of emotional stimulus to attention dissipates, the enhancement effect of emotional stimulus on attention appears, and the range of attention is expanded by emotional stimulation.As a result, the reaction rate of the subjects was accelerated.
【學位授予單位】：重慶師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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3 楊小冬,羅躍嘉;注意受情緒信息影響的實驗范式[J];心理科學進展;2004年06期

本文編號：1762277