本文選題：公正世界信念 + 逆公正世界信念��； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)面對遭遇不幸的好人時，人們應(yīng)該同情并幫助他們，但在現(xiàn)實生活中，有時情況卻恰恰相反，人們會排斥或者貶損這些無辜受害者。為了解釋這一現(xiàn)象，Lerner提出了公正世界信念，即人們相信這個世界是公正的，每個人得其所應(yīng)得，人們排斥或者貶損無辜受害者就是為了維持這一信念，每個個體都有相信這個世界是公正的需要。公正世界信念的基本含義是“好人有好報，壞人有壞報”，但它還存在著另一層含義——“得到好報的都是好人，得到壞報的都是壞人”，本研究稱其為“逆公正世界信念”。本文的目的是為了驗證在東方文化下，公正世界信念和逆公正世界信念在情景展開的過程中，是否會自動激活，影響人們的預(yù)期。為了能夠較為直接和準(zhǔn)確的驗證實驗的假設(shè)，本研究使用了眼動研究中的視覺情景范式。視覺情景范式具有高度的敏感性，它允許情景展開的同時，對視覺目標(biāo)物間的注視偏向進(jìn)行內(nèi)隱地、逐步地分析。而且眼動研究可以捕捉人們無意識的眼球運(yùn)動，其收集的數(shù)據(jù)較少受到人們意識的控制。 實驗一使用視覺情景范式探查了他人的道德品質(zhì)能否影響人們對其應(yīng)得好壞結(jié)果的預(yù)期，從而驗證公正世界信念的自動激活。結(jié)果表明，在故事情境還未展開時，被試依據(jù)所呈現(xiàn)的實驗文字，產(chǎn)生了與公正世界信念相一致的預(yù)期，好人情景組被試偏向于注視好結(jié)果，壞人情景組被試偏向于注視壞結(jié)果。在故事情境展開而結(jié)果還未明確之前，被試再次產(chǎn)生了與公正世界信念相一致的預(yù)期，表現(xiàn)出了相應(yīng)的注視偏向。 實驗二也采用視覺情景范式探查他人所得結(jié)果是否會影響人們對其道德品質(zhì)的判斷，，從而驗證逆公正世界信念的自動激活。結(jié)果表明，在情景展開的過程中，好結(jié)果組和壞結(jié)果組在對好/壞道德品質(zhì)的注視上無顯著性差異，被試沒有即時地產(chǎn)生與逆公正世界信念相一致的預(yù)期。 綜合討論了兩個實驗的研究結(jié)果之后，得出了以下結(jié)論： （1）在情景展開的過程中，東方人的公正世界信念會自動激活，人們會形成與公正世界信念相一致的預(yù)期，期待好人獲得好結(jié)果，壞人獲得壞結(jié)果； （2）在情景展開的過程中，逆公正世界信念未得到即時激活，他人的所得結(jié)果沒有立即影響到人們對其道德品質(zhì)的判斷。
[Abstract]:People should sympathize with and help the unfortunate good people when faced with them, but in real life, sometimes it is the opposite, people will reject or derogate the innocent victims.In order to explain this phenomenon, Lerner proposed the belief that the world is just, that everyone deserves it, and that people reject or denigrate innocent victims in order to maintain that belief.Every individual has the need to believe that the world is just.The basic meaning of the belief in the just world is "good people have good returns, bad people have bad results", but it also has another meaning-"good people get good returns, bad people get bad results", which is called "contrary to the belief in the just world".The purpose of this paper is to verify whether the belief in the just world and the belief against the just world will be activated automatically in the process of development of the scene under the oriental culture, which will affect people's expectations.In order to verify the hypothesis of the experiment directly and accurately, the visual scene paradigm of eye movement research was used in this study.The visual scene paradigm is highly sensitive, which allows the scene to be unfolded while the fixation bias between the visual objects is analyzed implicitly and step by step.Eye movement studies can capture unconscious eye movements, and the data collected are less controlled by people's consciousness.In experiment one, the visual situational paradigm was used to explore whether the moral character of others could affect people's expectation of good or bad results, so as to verify the automatic activation of belief in the just world.The results showed that, before the story situation unfolded, the subjects had the expectation consistent with the belief in the fair world according to the experimental text presented, and the subjects in the good person situation group tended to focus on the good results.The bad guys tended to look at the bad results.Before the story situation unfolded and the results were not clear, the participants again produced expectations consistent with the belief in the just world, showing a corresponding fixation bias.Experiment two also uses the visual situation paradigm to explore whether the results obtained by others will affect people's judgment of their moral quality and thus verify the automatic activation of beliefs against the just world.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the good result group and the bad result group on the good / bad moral quality during the development of the situation, and the participants did not immediately produce expectations consistent with the belief in the unjust world.After a comprehensive discussion of the results of the two experiments, the following conclusions are drawn:(1) in the process of developing the scene, the eastern people's belief in the fair world will be activated automatically, and people will form expectations consistent with the belief in the just world, expecting good people to get good results and bad people to get bad results;(2) in the process of developing the situation, the belief in the world against justice was not immediately activated, and the results obtained by others did not immediately affect people's judgment of their moral quality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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