本文選題：社會拒絕 + 社會認知基本維度��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：歸屬需要作為人類的基本需求,驅(qū)使個體與他人或團體建立友好、穩(wěn)定的社會關(guān)系。社會拒絕作為歸屬需要的主要威脅,對個體的負面影響毋庸置疑。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當個體遭遇社會拒絕后,其歸屬感、自尊、控制感、積極情緒等均降低,并誘發(fā)強烈的消極情緒,如憤怒,傷心(sadness)和受傷感(hurt feeling)。社會拒絕的形式、理由以及情境會對個體產(chǎn)生不同的影響。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),即使處于模糊的拒絕情景中,個體對拒絕理由的認識也會影響其情緒體驗。在對拒絕理由即拒絕內(nèi)容進行認識時,拒絕內(nèi)容可以被整合到溫暖和能力兩方面;從情緒的產(chǎn)生與社會功能來看,憤怒和傷心可能在溫暖和能力兩個維度上有各自的特點。溫暖和能力是社會認知的兩個基本維度,溫暖是指與他人建立溫暖、友好關(guān)系以及關(guān)于行為道德判斷相關(guān)的特征,如友好的,奸詐的;能力是指展現(xiàn)自我、追求目標、成就相關(guān)的特征,如努力的,退縮的。此外,社會拒絕內(nèi)容對負面情緒的影響可能受到其他因素的制約,如個體差異,情景因素。拒絕敏感性是一種對他人拒絕有準備性覺知和焦慮性預(yù)期,并過度反應(yīng)的心理傾向。作為一種人格特質(zhì),它可能制約著拒絕內(nèi)容對負面情緒的影響。本研究考察社會拒絕內(nèi)容對負面情緒的影響,同時探討拒絕敏感性在其中的作用。研究采用兩個范式來探討不同的拒絕理由在負面情緒上的差異,并探討拒絕敏感性的作用。研究一采用回憶范式考察社會拒絕的內(nèi)容對消極情緒的影響,并探討拒絕敏感性在其中的作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)社會拒絕內(nèi)容誘發(fā)的情緒中,傷心是主要情緒;(2)傷心、憤怒、受傷感、快樂在能力性拒絕理由和溫暖性拒絕理由兩個條件下均沒有差異;(3)與低拒絕敏感性相比,高拒絕敏感性個體體驗到更高水平的消極情緒和更低水平的積極情緒。被試在回憶曾經(jīng)的拒絕經(jīng)歷時,可能卷入了其他的因素,如產(chǎn)生的反事實思維、事件發(fā)生的時間距離以及拒絕事件的重要性都可能對情緒產(chǎn)生影響。研究二中采用相互認識范式,該范式下的社會拒絕是即時即刻發(fā)生的,被試沒有過多的時間去解釋事件,且都面臨來自同性別、陌生人的拒絕。研究二采用生態(tài)效度更高的相互認識范式考察在模擬情中社會拒絕內(nèi)容在消極情緒上的差異。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)社會拒絕內(nèi)容誘發(fā)的情緒中,傷心仍然是主要情緒;(2)傷心和受傷感在能力性拒絕理由和溫暖性拒絕理由兩個條件下均沒有差異;(3)憤怒和快樂在能力性拒絕理由和溫暖性拒絕理由兩個條件下存在差異,表現(xiàn)為個體因能力被拒絕而產(chǎn)生的憤怒顯著高于因溫暖被拒絕而產(chǎn)生的憤怒,個體因能力被拒絕而體驗到的快樂顯著低于因溫暖被拒絕而體驗到的快樂;(4)與低拒絕敏感性相比,高拒絕敏感性個體體驗到更高水平的消極情緒和更低水平的積極情緒,與因溫暖被拒絕相比,因能力被拒絕的高拒絕敏感性個體體驗到更高水平的憤怒。綜上,社會拒絕內(nèi)容的負面情緒效應(yīng)表現(xiàn)為:(1)社會拒絕內(nèi)容會同時誘發(fā)傷心、憤怒、受傷感,其中傷心是主要情緒;(2)與因溫暖被拒絕相比,個體因能力被拒絕時會產(chǎn)生更多的憤怒。(3)社會拒絕內(nèi)容會降低個體的積極情緒;當面臨即時發(fā)生的社會拒絕時,個體因能力被拒絕會體驗到更低水平的積極情緒。(4)與低拒絕敏感性個體相比,高拒絕敏感性個體在遭遇社會拒絕時產(chǎn)生更高的消極情緒,更低的積極情緒;與因溫暖被拒絕相比,低拒絕敏感性個體因能力被拒絕時會更傷心、更不快樂。
[Abstract]:As belonging to the basic human needs, driven by individual and others or groups to establish friendly and stable social relations. The main threat as belonging to social rejection, negative impact on individuals with no doubt. It has been found that when individuals encounter social rejection, the sense of belonging, self-esteem, sense of control, positive emotions are reduce, and induce a strong negative emotions, such as anger, sad and sad (sadness) (hurt feeling). The Society refused to form, reason and situation will have different effects on the individual. Studies have found that even in fuzzy refusal situations, individuals will affect their emotional experience. Understanding of refuse the reason to refuse in content and refused to recognize, refuse content can be integrated into the two aspects of warmth and competence; from the social function and emotion, anger and sadness in warmth and ability two Have their own characteristic dimensions. Warm and ability are the two basic dimensions of social cognition, warm warm refers to the establishment of friendly relations with others, and the characteristics of moral judgment related behavior, such as friendly, treacherous; refers to the ability to show themselves, the pursuit of goals, as related features, such as hard and back. In addition, the social influence on negative emotions to be affected by other factors, such as individual differences, situational factors. The rejection sensitivity is a preparation for awareness and anxiety and excessive expectations of others to be psychological tendency. As a kind of personality, it may restrict refuse content influences negative emotions. This study examines social rejection content influences the negative emotions, and to explore the role of rejection sensitivity. Study to explore the different reasons to reject the negative in using two paradigms Differences in emotion, and to explore the role of a rejection sensitivity. The effect of memory paradigm to study social rejection content on negative emotion, and to explore the role of rejection sensitivity. Results showed that: (1) the content of social rejection induced emotion, sad is the main emotion; (2) the sad, angry, by sad, happy and warm in the ability to reason to reason under the two conditions were no differences; (3) compared with low rejection sensitivity, high rejection sensitivity of individual experience positive emotions to higher levels of negative emotions and lower levels. The subjects in the memory once refused to experience, may be involved in the other the factors, such as the generation of counterfactual thinking, the time of the incident distance and importance of rejection events may affect the mood. The second study adopts mutual understanding paradigm, the paradigm of social rejection is immediate The moment, there is no too much time to explain the events, and are facing the same sex, the stranger refused. Research by the two greater ecological validity to know each other in the simulation paradigm to examine the emotion in social rejection content in negative emotions. The differences found: (1) agency will refuse content by in the sad mood, is still the main emotion; (2) the sad and hurt in the ability to refuse and warm to reason under the two conditions were no differences; (3) the ability of anger and happiness and warmth of refuse refuse under two conditions are different, as individual rejection causes because of the ability of anger was significantly higher than that for warm rejection causes anger, the individual refused to experience happiness because of the ability of rejection was significantly lower than that for warm happiness; (4) compared with low rejection sensitivity, high sensitivity to a The body to experience higher levels of positive emotion negative emotion and lower level, compared with the warm because of being rejected, because the ability of the rejected high rejection sensitivity of individual experience to a higher level of anger. In summary, negative emotional effects of social rejection content as follows: (1) social content will also refuse to induce sad. Anger, hurt, sad is the main emotion; (2) compared with the warm because of being rejected, because individual ability is to produce more anger. (3) the content of social rejection will reduce the individual's positive emotion; when faced with immediate social rejection, the individual will be refused to experience positive emotions lower because of the level of ability. (4) compared with the low rejection sensitivity of individual, high rejection sensitivity individuals have a higher negative emotion in the face of social rejection, positive emotions lower; compared with the warm because of rejection, low rejection sensitivity for individual The ability to be rejected will be more sad and unhappy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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